𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉

Forms

𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (tuggō), a feminine noun of the weak (n-stem) declension.^[1][2][3] Three forms are recorded, once each: the nominative singular 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (tuggō), the dative singular 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉𐌽 (tuggōn) and the genitive singular 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉𐌽𐍃 (tuggōns).^[2][4] Streitberg's Elementarbuch gives it as a model of the feminine n-stems, with the genitive plural 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉𐌽𐍉 (tuggōnō) in the paradigm.^[5]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ (“tongue”),^[6][2] for which Kroonen and Orel write *tungōn-.^[7][8] The cognates are Old Norse tunga, Old English tunge, Old Frisian tunge, Old Saxon tunga and Old High German zunga.^[9][10][7] Wiktionary traces it to Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s,^[6] Kroonen to a masculine h₂-stem *d(é)nǵh-uh₂,^[7] and Feist to a base shared with Latin lingua, whose Old Latin form was dingua.^[10] The word has very varied shapes across Indo-European: Kroonen attributes much of this to the influence of a verb meaning 'to lick' (lingō, Proto-Indo-European *leiǵh-),^[7] and Lehmann prefers an explanation by taboo to the proposals that Feist cited and questioned.^[9] Lehmann compares Lithuanian liežùvis, remodelled after the verb for 'lick', and Sanskrit जिह्वा (jihvā), and finds the derivation of Ancient Greek γλῶσσα (glôssa) from the same root unlikely.^[9] Casaretto counts it among the words where Germanic moved an old vowel stem into the n-stems without a change of meaning, comparing it with the Latin word.^[11][11]

Attestation

The Wulfila project counts three tokens, in Luke 1:64 and Mark 7:33 and 7:35, all in manuscript CA.^[4] Köbler has the same three records, and PROIEL aligns all three with Ancient Greek γλῶσσα (glôssa).^[2][12] In canonical order the first is the dative tuggōn at Mark 7:33.^[2] Luke 1:64 reads usluknoda þan munþs is suns jah tuggo is, "then his mouth was opened at once, and his tongue".^[13]

Meanings

1. The tongue, for γλῶσσα.^[1][2][12]

References

1. ^ a b Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. tuggo
2. ^ a b c d e f Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. tuggō 3
3. ^ Wright, Joseph (1910), Grammar of the Gothic Language, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. tuggō
4. ^ a b De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
5. ^ Streitberg, Wilhelm (1920), Gotisches Elementarbuch, 5th–6th ed., Heidelberg: Winter
6. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉
7. ^ a b c d Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 526
8. ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. s.v. *tunʒōn
9. ^ a b c Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. tuggo
10. ^ a b Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. tuggo
11. ^ a b Casaretto, Antje (2004), Nominale Wortbildung der gotischen Sprache: Die Derivation der Substantive, Heidelberg: Winter
12. ^ a b Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
13. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Lk 1:64