𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽

Forms

𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (faran), a strong verb of the sixth class.^[1][2] Regan gives the principal parts fōr, fōrum, farans.^[3] Only one form is recorded, the present optative 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌸 (faraiþ).^[2][4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *faraną (“to go, travel”),^[5][6] whose cognates are Old Norse fara, Old English faran, Old Frisian fara, Old Saxon faran and Old High German faran.^[7][6] Kroonen describes it as an o-grade intensive-iterative verb, whose preterite with long ō arose secondarily on the model of other verbs.^[6] The root is Proto-Indo-European *per-,^[5][2] which Lehmann notes forms no simple verbs except in Slavic, in the verb for "to fly".^[4] Uhlenbeck compares Ancient Greek πείρω (peírō, “to pierce”), πόρος (póros, “passage, ford”), πορεύομαι (poreúomai, “to travel”) and Sanskrit forms meaning "leads across".^[8] Feist also adds Latin porta (“gate”) and portō (“to carry”).^[7]

Attestation

The verb occurs once, at Luke 10:7 in manuscript CA, where it renders Ancient Greek μεταβαίνω (metabaínō).^[9][10][2] The verse ends ni faraiþ us garda in gard ("do not go from house to house").^[11]

Meanings

1. To travel, go from one place to another.^[3][1][2]

Related words

• 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (farjan, “to sail, row”)
• 𐌰𐍄𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (atfarjan, “to arrive”)
• 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌸𐍉 (usfarþō, “departure”)

Usage notes

The word is a hapax: it is recorded only at Luke 10:7.^[12][9]

References

1. ^ a b Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. faran
2. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. faran*
3. ^ a b Regan, Brian T. (1974), Dictionary of the Biblical Gothic Language, Phoenix: Wulfila House, p. 58
4. ^ a b Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. faran
5. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽
6. ^ a b c Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 128
7. ^ a b Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. faran
8. ^ Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. 41
9. ^ a b De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
10. ^ Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
11. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Lk 10:7
12. ^ Schulze, Ernst (1867), Gothisches Wörterbuch nebst Flexionslehre, Züllichau: Darnmann, p. 49