𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽

Forms

𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽 (taihun), an indeclinable cardinal number.^[1][2] It forms the teens with a preceding unit, as in 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽 (fidwōrtaihun, “fourteen”) and 𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽 (fimftaihun, “fifteen”).^[3][4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *tehun (“ten”),^[5][6] from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥t.^[5] The Germanic cognates are Old Norse tíu, Old English tīen, Old Frisian tiān, Old Saxon tehan and Old High German zehan.^[6][7][8] Outside Germanic it corresponds to Latin decem, Ancient Greek δέκα (déka), Old Irish deich and Avestan dasa, while Lithuanian dešimtis continues a derived noun meaning "decade".^[4][7][8] Kroonen traces the numeral ultimately to a root Proto-Indo-European *dek- (“to fit (in a row)”).^[6]

Attestation

The Wulfila project counts eleven tokens, all in manuscript CA, ten in Luke and one in Mark.^[9] Köbler counts twelve records, Luke 19:13 twice.^[9][2] The first in canonical order is Luke 14:31.^[9] Every one of the eleven tokens PROIEL aligns renders Ancient Greek δέκα (déka).^[10] Luke 15:8 has suma qino drakmans habandei taihun, "some woman having ten drachmas".^[11]

Meanings

1. ten (for δέκα).^[1][2][10]

Word family

• 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽 (fidwōrtaihun, “fourteen”)
• 𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽 (fimftaihun, “fifteen”)
• 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 (taihunda, “tenth”)
• 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 (taihuntēweis, “ordered by tens”)
• 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 (taihuntēhund, “hundred”)

Related words

• 𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌿𐍃 (tigus, “decade”)
• 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 (hund, “hundred”)

Usage notes

Lehmann cites the ordinal from the phrase afdailja taihundon dail, "I give a tenth part".^[3] The word for 100, taihuntehund, Feist explains as taihun with -tehund or as "ten of tens"; from 200 on the hundreds are counted with 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 (hund).^[4] Feist, Lehmann and Uhlenbeck cite the Crimean Gothic numeral thiine as the same word.^[4][3][7]

References

1. ^ a b Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. taihun
2. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. taíhun
3. ^ a b c Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. taihun
4. ^ a b c d Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. taihun
5. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽
6. ^ a b c Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 512
7. ^ a b c Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. 145
8. ^ a b Holthausen, Ferdinand (1934), Gotisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. 105
9. ^ a b c De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
10. ^ a b Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
11. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Lk 15:8