𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳

Forms

𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 (hund), a neuter a-stem numeral noun.^[1][2] Only the plural is recorded: 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 (hunda) four times and the dative 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 (hundam) twice.^[1][3] It follows another numeral, as in twaim hundam "two hundred" (dative), þrija hunda "three hundred" and fimf hunda "five hundred".^[4][5]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *hundą,^[6][7] from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.^[6][1] Kroonen, Holthausen and Uhlenbeck start from an older form beginning with d.^[7][8][9] Uhlenbeck explains it as a derivative of the word for "ten", 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽 (taihun).^[9] The Germanic cognates are Old English hund, Old Saxon hund and Old High German hunt.^[7] Outside Germanic it corresponds to Latin centum, Ancient Greek ἑκατόν (hekatón), Lithuanian šimtas, Old Irish cét and Tocharian A känt.^[7][8] The other Germanic languages also have a compound, Old Norse hundrað, Old English hundred and Old High German hunderit, which Kroonen explains as "row of hundred".^[7] Wiktionary calls 𐌺𐌹𐌽𐍄𐌿𐍃 (kintus) a doublet.^[6]

Attestation

Köbler counts six records: Luke 7:41, Mark 14:5 and John 6:7 in manuscript CA, 1 Corinthians 15:6 in A, and Nehemiah 7:13 and 7:39 in D.^[1] The Wulfila project files the forms under 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 (hunda).^[10] It renders the Greek hundreds in -κόσιοι, as Ancient Greek τριακόσιοι (triakósioi) at Mark 14:5.^[1][11] Luke 7:41 reads ains skulda skatte fimf hunda, "one owed five hundred denarii".^[12]

Meanings

1. hundred^[1][13][6]
2. as the second part of the numerals for seventy to one hundred, "ten, tenfold"^[1][2]

Word family

• 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌸𐍃 (hundafaþs, “centurion”)
• 𐍃𐌹𐌱𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 (sibuntēhund, “seventy”)
• 𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌴𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 (ahtautēhund, “eighty”)
• 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 (niuntēhund, “ninety”)
• 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 (taihuntēhund, “hundred”)

Usage notes

Regan holds that in the original Germanic counting hund was the "great hundred" of 120, not 100.^[2] Uhlenbeck notes that Germanic *hunda- meant 120 as well as 100, but certainly only 100 before Germanic, as the cognates show.^[9] Köbler compares the Crimean Gothic form sada.^[1]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. hund*
2. ^ a b c Regan, Brian T. (1974), Dictionary of the Biblical Gothic Language, Phoenix: Wulfila House, p. 83
3. ^ Krause, Wolfgang (1963), Handbuch des Gotischen, 2nd ed., München: Beck, p. § 171
4. ^ Stamm, Friedrich Ludwig; Heyne, Moriz (1920), Ulfilas oder die uns erhaltenen Denkmäler der gotischen Sprache: Text, Wörterbuch und Grammatik, 13th–14th ed. by Ferdinand Wrede, Paderborn: Schöningh, p. 441
5. ^ Skeat, Walter W. (1868), A Moeso-Gothic Glossary, with an Introduction, an Outline of Moeso-Gothic Grammar, and a List of Anglo-Saxon and Old and Modern English Words Etymologically Connected with Moeso-Gothic, London: Asher, p. 130
6. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳
7. ^ a b c d e Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 256
8. ^ a b Holthausen, Ferdinand (1934), Gotisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. 49
9. ^ a b c Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. 84
10. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
11. ^ Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
12. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Lk 7:41
13. ^ Wright, Joseph (1910), Grammar of the Gothic Language, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. hund