𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹

Forms

𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹 (hauri), a neuter noun of the ja-stems.^[1][2][3] The only recorded form is 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰 (haurja), so that the nominative is not attested.^[3][4] Casaretto notes that these records leave open whether it is a neuter ja-stem or a feminine jō-stem.^[5]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *hurją (“burning coal”),^[6][7] the source also of Old Norse hyrr (“fire”).^[7][8][5] Lehmann traces it to the root Proto-Indo-European *kerH- (“to burn, glow”), with Lithuanian kùrti (“to heat”).^[7][3][9] Wiktionary writes the root *kerh₃- (“to burn”) and adds Latin carbō (“coal”).^[10] Lehmann puts Old English heorþ (“hearth”) and Old High German herd under the same root with e-grade.^[7][9] Casaretto calls the etymology unclear: the traditional derivation from that root no longer holds, because the verbs set beside it are explained otherwise, though formations with a dental such as the West Germanic word for "hearth" and kárštas (“hot”) are probably related.^[5]

Attestation

The Wulfila project counts three tokens of 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰 (haurja): John 18:18 in manuscript CA and Romans 12:20 in manuscripts A and Car.^[4] Köbler counts two records, and takes the form in John as accusative singular and the one in Romans as accusative plural.^[3] It renders Ancient Greek ἀνθρακιά (anthrakiá) in John and ἄνθραξ (ánthrax) in Romans.^[11] Romans 12:20 reads haurja funins rikis ana haubiþ is, "you will heap coals of fire on his head".^[12]

Meanings

1. A burning coal, an ember (for ἄνθραξ).^[1][2][6]
2. In the plural, a fire of charcoal (for ἀνθρακιά).^[1][13][3]

References

1. ^ a b c Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. hauri
2. ^ a b Regan, Brian T. (1974), Dictionary of the Biblical Gothic Language, Phoenix: Wulfila House, p. 78
3. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. haúri*
4. ^ a b De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
5. ^ a b c Casaretto, Antje (2004), Nominale Wortbildung der gotischen Sprache: Die Derivation der Substantive, Heidelberg: Winter
6. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
7. ^ a b c d Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. hauri
8. ^ Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. hauri
9. ^ a b Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. 75
10. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *hurją
11. ^ Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
12. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Rom 12:20
13. ^ Skeat, Walter W. (1868), A Moeso-Gothic Glossary, with an Introduction, an Outline of Moeso-Gothic Grammar, and a List of Anglo-Saxon and Old and Modern English Words Etymologically Connected with Moeso-Gothic, London: Asher, p. 124