𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃

Forms

𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃 (hunds), a masculine a-stem noun.^[1][2] The recorded forms are 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐍃 (hundos), 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 (hundam) and 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 (hundans).^[3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *hundaz (“dog”),^[4][3] with the cognates Old Norse hundr, Old English hund, Old Frisian hund, Old Saxon hund and Old High German hunt.^[5][6] Wiktionary traces it to Proto-Indo-European *ḱwn̥tós, derived from *ḱwṓ (“dog”).^[4] Feist and Lehmann reconstruct a pre-Germanic form with a t-suffix that is frequent in animal names, and compare an Armenian word for "puppy" built the same way;^[7][8] Orel adds Latvian sùntene (“big dog”), a pejorative word.^[5] The underlying Indo-European word for "dog" is seen in Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn) and Old Irish cú; Latin canis is irregular in its vowel.^[6][7] Uhlenbeck later rejected Osthoff's attempt to connect the word with 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿 (faihu, “livestock”), doubting that the old name of the dog would ever be explained.^[9]

Attestation

Köbler records the noun four times: hundos at Luke 16:21 and Mark 7:28 and hundam at Mark 7:27, all in manuscript CA, and hundans at Philippians 3:2 in A and B.^[3] It renders both Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn) and its diminutive Ancient Greek κυνάριον (kunárion, “little dog”).^[10][4] Luke 16:21 reads akei jah hundos atrinnandans bilaigodedun banjos is, "but even the dogs, running up, licked his sores".^[11]

Meanings

1. A dog; for κύων and κυνάριον.^[1][3][10]

Usage notes

The Wulfila project's lemma counts ten tokens, six of them marked ambiguous, because forms such as hunda (as in fimf hunda "five hundred" at Luke 7:41) belong to 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 (hund, “hundred”).^[12][8]

References

1. ^ a b Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. hunds
2. ^ Regan, Brian T. (1974), Dictionary of the Biblical Gothic Language, Phoenix: Wulfila House, p. 83
3. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. hunds*
4. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃
5. ^ a b Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 193
6. ^ a b Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. 85
7. ^ a b Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. hunds
8. ^ a b Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. hunda
9. ^ Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1905), Bemerkungen zum gotischen Wortschatz, Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 30, 252ff.
10. ^ a b Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
11. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Lk 16:21
12. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be