𐌸𐌰𐍂

Forms

𐌸𐌰𐍂 (þar), an indeclinable adverb.^[1][2][3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þar (“there”),^[4][5] which Orel derives from the demonstrative stem of 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 (þata) with a locative r.^[5][6] The cognates are Old Norse þar, Old English þǣr, Old Frisian thēr, Old Saxon thār and Old High German dār.^[5] Köbler traces it to Proto-Indo-European *tor "there", a form of the demonstrative pronoun.^[7] Uhlenbeck compares dara (“thither”) and takes the long vowel of the West Germanic forms as ablaut.^[6]

Attestation

The simple adverb occurs only twice, at Luke 9:4 and Mark 6:10, both in manuscript CA (the Wulfila project's, PROIEL's and Köbler's count); in both it renders Ancient Greek ἐκεῖ (ekeî).^[3][8][7] In both verses it takes up a preceding relative clause:^[9] jah in þanei gard gaggaiþ þar saljiþ, "and whatever house you enter, stay there" (Luke 9:4).^[10]

Meanings

1. there, in that place.^[1][11][7]

Word family

• 𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹 (þarei, “where”)
• 𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌿𐌷 (þaruh, “there; then”)
• 𐌸𐌰𐌸𐍂𐍉 (þaþro)

Usage notes

The adverb is far more frequent in its compounds: Lehmann counts 33 occurrences of the relative 𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹 (þarei) "where" and over 70 of 𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌿𐌷 (þaruh), which renders "there" and also "behold", "but" and "then".^[9]

References

1. ^ a b Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. þar
2. ^ Braune, Wilhelm; Heidermanns, Frank (2004), Gotische Grammatik, mit Lesestücken und Wörterverzeichnis, 20th ed., Sammlung kurzer Grammatiken germanischer Dialekte A 1, Tübingen: Niemeyer, p. 298
3. ^ a b De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
4. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐌸𐌰𐍂
5. ^ a b c Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 416
6. ^ a b Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. s.v. þar
7. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. þar 2
8. ^ Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
9. ^ a b Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. þar
10. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Lk 9:4
11. ^ Regan, Brian T. (1974), Dictionary of the Biblical Gothic Language, Phoenix: Wulfila House, p. 157