𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍄𐍃

Forms

𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍄𐍃 (hlauts), a masculine noun.^[1] Streitberg, the Wulfila project and Köbler class it as an a-stem, Regan and Casaretto as an i-stem.^[1][2][3][4] The recorded forms are the nominative singular hlauts, the genitive singular 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃 (hlautis) and 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰 (hlauta).^[2][5]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *hlautaz (“lot”),^[6][7] an o-grade formation to the strong verb *hleutaną (“to obtain by lot”).^[7][8][4] The cognates are Old Norse hlautr in Old Norse, Old Saxon hlōt in Old Saxon and Old High German hlōz in Old High German; the verb survives as hljóta, Old English hlēotan, hliotan and hliozan, and the zero grade in hlutr and hlot.^[8][9][10] Köbler and Lehmann find no certain etymology beyond Germanic.^[2][11] Lehmann derives it, probably, from a Proto-Indo-European root for "hook, crooked piece of wood", as in Latin clāvis (“key”) and clāvus (“nail”).^[11] Feist and Zupitza compare Latvian kļūt (“to become, attain”) in Latvian and Lithuanian words for "to get caught", while Schrader compared Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “branch”).^[10][9]

Attestation

Köbler counts four records, in Luke 1:9, Mark 15:24, Ephesians 1:11 and Colossians 1:12; the Wulfila project counts six tokens, because the Ephesians and Colossians verses are in both manuscripts A and B (the Gospels in CA).^[2][5] The first in canonical order is the nominative at Luke 1:9.^[5] It renders Ancient Greek κλῆρος (klêros).^[12][2] Luke 1:9 reads hlauts imma urrann du saljan, "the lot fell to him to offer incense".^[13]

Meanings

1. a lot cast to decide something, for κλῆρος^[1][14][2]
2. a share given by lot, an inheritance^[1][14][6]
3. in hlauts imma urrann: "the lot fell to him", for ἔλαχεν.^[2] hlauts gasatiþs wisan: to be appointed to an inheritance, for κληροῦσθαι^[2][14]

Borrowings into other languages

• Portuguese: lote, whose Germanic source Wiktionary describes as West Germanic, through Suevic or Old French, or else possibly hlauts.^[6]

References

1. ^ a b c d Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. hlauts
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. hlauts
3. ^ Regan, Brian T. (1974), Dictionary of the Biblical Gothic Language, Phoenix: Wulfila House, p. 80
4. ^ a b Casaretto, Antje (2004), Nominale Wortbildung der gotischen Sprache: Die Derivation der Substantive, Heidelberg: Winter
5. ^ a b c De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
6. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍄𐍃
7. ^ a b Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 229
8. ^ a b Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 175
9. ^ a b Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. 79
10. ^ a b Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. hlauts
11. ^ a b Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. hlauts
12. ^ Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
13. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Lk 1:9
14. ^ a b c Balg, G. H. (1887–1889), A Comparative Glossary of the Gothic Language, with Especial Reference to English and German, Mayville, Wis.: the author, p. 174