Etymology and origin of the Dutch word eens
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Derivation
- First attested
- 901–1000, Wachtendonck Psalms
- Ultimate origins
- Proto-Germanic *ainDutch -s
Pronunciation
- /eːns/, /əns/, /əs/[1]
Forms
eens (adverb; unstressed also ’ns, ’s; as an adjective only predicative)[1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Middle Dutch eens, inherited from Old Dutch einis, an adverbial genitive from Dutch een + -s, the genitive of the numeral.[2][3][1] The same formation is Old Saxon ēnes, Old High German eines (with a later /t/ in einēst, whence modern German einst), Old Frisian ēnes (modern West Frisian iens), Old English ǣnes beside ānes (whence English once, with the ending replaced by ⟨-ce⟩) and Old Norse eins.[2][4][3]
The predicative adjective “of one mind” comes from the same genitive, used with zijn, wezen and worden to express a quality.[2] It began in phrases such as des eens werden (“to come to an agreement”), like des eins werden.[4][3][2] Old High German had ein sīn without the genitive; only in the 15th century did German take up des eins sein, since replaced by einig sein.[2]
Unstressed and weakened to /əns/ or /əs/, the adverb has become a modal particle, a use that begins in the 17th century.[2][1]
Earliest recorded meaning
Old Dutch einis “once” is found in the Wachtendonck Psalms of the 10th century.[2][5] In Middle Dutch the adjective appears first, in the cloth regulations of Bruges of 1277, where al eens means “quite even, uniform” of a woven say.[6][2] The adverb “once, one time” is recorded in the same year.[2]
Semantic evolution
In Middle Dutch eens meant “one time” and “at one time, once upon a time”, as in Eens lachi in groter pinen, “once he lay in great pain” (1320).[7] In eens was used of a capital sum paid at once, as against yearly interest, and a payment of a thousand guilders eens (1615) was a single one.[7][8] In eens “at one go” is recorded from 1806–1807, and op eens “at one time” from 1844–1851 and “suddenly” from 1862.[2]
Unstressed eens with a weakened sense “one time, on occasion” appears in 1621, and in commands, such as Denk eens aan (1782), it only softens the request; it can also express impatience (1676).[2] The adjective eens zijn “to agree” is recorded from the late 16th century, and the Teuthonista of 1477 has eyns werden.[2] In Belgium eens is also a conjunction, “once, as soon as”.[1] Eens en voor allemaal is a Belgian calque of French une fois pour toutes.[9]
Papiamentu borrowed eens “of the same opinion”, and Petjo has niet eens “certainly not”.[10][1] The word lives on in Afrikaans eens.[1]
Timeline
- 901–1000 – Old Dutch einis appears in the Wachtendonck Psalms.[2]
- 1277 – Al eens “uniform” and the adverb eens are recorded in Flanders.[6][2]
- 1477 – The Teuthonista has eyns werden “to agree”.[2]
- 1566–1600 – Eens zijn “to be of one opinion” is recorded.[2][8]
- 1621 – Unstressed eens with a weakened sense.[2]
- 1782 – Denk eens aan, with eens softening a command.[2]
- 1862 – Op eens “suddenly”.[2]
Meanings
Adverb
- once, one time: Ik ben er maar eens geweest.[11][1][8]
- One more time, as much again: eens zo groot, twice as big.[11]
- At some time, in the past or the future: er was eens, “once upon a time”.[11][1]
- A modal particle that softens a request or command: Kijk eens hier.[11][1]
- In negation: even: Hij keek niet eens op.[11][1]
Conjunction
- (Belgium) Once, as soon as.[1]
Adjective
Word family
- ineens
- opeens
- geeneens
- oneens
- eensgezind
- eensluidend
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; Sijs, Nicoline van der (2003–2009), Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands, 4 vols., Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press; online via etymologiebank.nl
- ^ a b c Franck, Johannes; Wijk, Nicolaas van (1912), Franck's Etymologisch woordenboek der Nederlandsche taal, 2nd ed., 's-Gravenhage: Nijhoff
- ^ a b Vries, Jan de (1971), Nederlands etymologisch woordenboek, Leiden: Brill
- ^ Köbler, Gerhard, Altniederfränkisches Wörterbuch, online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling
- ^ a b Pijnenburg, W. J. J., et al. (2001), Vroegmiddelnederlands woordenboek: woordenboek van het Nederlands van de dertiende eeuw in hoofdzaak op basis van het Corpus-Gysseling, Leiden: Instituut voor Nederlandse Lexicologie; gtb.ivdnt.org
- ^ a b Verwijs, Eelco; Verdam, Jacob (1885–1929), Middelnederlandsch woordenboek, 11 vols., 's-Gravenhage: Nijhoff; gtb.ivdnt.org
- ^ a b c Vries, Matthias de; Winkel, L. A. te, et al. (1882–1998), Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal, 29 vols., 's-Gravenhage / Leiden: Nijhoff / Sijthoff / SDU; supplement 2001; gtb.ivdnt.org
- ^ Vreese, Willem de (1899), Gallicismen in het Zuidnederlandsch, Gent: Siffer
- ^ Sijs, Nicoline van der (2010), Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd, Den Haag: Sdu; with additions from the Uitleenwoordenbank (2015)
- ^ a b c d e f Van Dale Groot woordenboek hedendaags Nederlands (2014), Utrecht / Antwerpen: Van Dale Uitgevers
Cite this entry
“Eens.” Etymologically, 21 Oct. 2026, etymologically.com/nl/eens. Accessed 22 Oct. 2026.
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