Romanian words first recorded in the 15th century

It is inherited from Latin dēns (“tooth”), continued in the accusative form ⟨dentem⟩, a word found in every Romance language. Latin had it from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts (“tooth”); its cognates…

Its origin is not certain. DELR, MDA2, DEX and the DLR hold that it is probably inherited from Latin dē hōrā (“from the hour”), that is dē and hōra (“hour”), or, as a Romanian formation, de and…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *duī (“two”), the masculine remade from Classical duo on the model of the ordinary plural ending -ī, with the feminine duae behind ⟨două⟩. DELR, after Candrea and…

It is inherited from Late Latin domnus (“master, lord”), the shortened form of dominus. The short form already occurs in Latin inscriptions. The Latin word is an old derivative of domus (“house”)…

It is formed from Romanian dor + -i. Dor “longing; pain” is from Late Latin dolus (“pain”), which DELR calls a back-formation from doleō (“to hurt”).

It is inherited from Latin dormiō (“to sleep”), a verb all the Romance languages share. It survives in all four branches: Aromanian dormu, Megleno-Romanian dorm and Istro-Romanian durmi. Its Romance…

It is inherited from Latin dormītō (“to be sleepy, to drowse”), formed on dormiō (“to sleep”) with the frequentative suffix -itō. It survives south of the Danube: Aromanian durmitizari and…

It is inherited from Latin dīrigō (“to set in a line, to direct, to guide”), which Latin also used in the form dērigō. DELR starts from the variant, formed on dē- and regō (“to lead, to rule”), and…

It is formed from Romanian drept + -ătate. Ciorănescu compares bunătate from bun, with an older ⟨-ăate⟩ reduced to ⟨-ate⟩. Pușcariu had derived it from Vulgar Latin *direc(ti)tatem, which Ciorănescu…

1. The verb for carrying and leading is inherited from Latin dūcō (“to lead, conduct”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian duc, Megleno-Romanian duc and Istro-Romanian duce. Few Romance…

It is inherited from Latin domine deus (“O Lord God”), the vocative of dominus (“lord, master”) and deus (“god”), an invocation of Christian Latin. The REW notes that the word belongs to Christian…

It is inherited from Latin dē post (“from after”), from dē (“from”) and post (“after, behind”). DELR traces the change through *depo, assimilated to *dopo as in Italian; the regular outcome would…

It is inherited from Late Latin eo (“I”), the Late Latin form of egō with the loss of /g/ found in every Romance language except Sardinian. Candrea and Densusianu called the loss of /g/ still…

It is inherited from Latin faciō (“to make, to do”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian fac, Megleno-Romanian fac and Istro-Romanian facu. Its Romance cognates include Italian fare, French…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *favulus (“honeycomb”), a diminutive of Latin favus (“honeycomb”), according to DEX and MDA2. Pușcariu, Candrea–Densusianu, the REW and the Academy dictionary take…

It is inherited from Latin factum (“deed, act”), the neuter past participle of faciō (“to do, make”) used as a noun. It was at first also the past participle of face; after the 16th century făcut…

It is inherited from Latin facta (“deeds, things done”), the neuter plural of factum (“deed”), taken as a feminine singular. Ciorănescu reads the word differently: he lists it among the derivatives…

It is inherited from Latin factūra (“a making; form, shape”), of the family of faciō (“to make, to do”). Aromanian fãpturã (“creature”) is the same word. Albanian fytyrë (“face”) is compared with…

It is inherited from Latin forās (“out of doors, outside”). Ciorănescu suggests that the short variant făr may continue forīs (“outside”). The first is the adverbial accusative plural of an old noun…

It is probably inherited from Vulgar Latin *fētiola, a diminutive of Latin fēta (“female that has just given birth”), from fētus. DEX also allows a formation from Romanian fată + -ioară, and Scriban…

It is a verb made from Romanian ferice (“happy”), according to the DA, Ciorănescu, Tiktin, MDA2 and DLRLV. ferice continues Latin fēlīx (“fruitful, fortunate”). Candrea and Densusianu reconstruct…

It is inherited from Latin fēlīx, fēlīcem (“fruitful; fortunate, happy”), continuing the accusative. The REW records it only in Romanian; Ciorănescu calls Italian felice and Spanish feliz…

It is inherited from Latin sum (“to be”), whose infinitive ⟨esse⟩ was replaced by that of fierī (“to become, happen”). Wiktionary traces the citation form ⟨fi⟩ and the forms in ⟨f-⟩ to a Vulgar…

It is inherited from Latin fervĕre (“to boil”), the third-conjugation form of the Latin verb. De Vaan notes that ⟨fervere⟩ is the usual form from Plautus to Virgil and ⟨fervēre⟩ the later one. The…

It is inherited from Latin fīlius (“son”). DER cites Pușcariu, Candrea and Densusianu and the REW for this etymology. It survives in all four branches: Aromanian hilj, Megleno-Romanian il'u and…

It is inherited from Latin forte (“strong, strongly”), a form of the adjective fortis (“strong, robust”) that came to be used as an adverb. Wiktionary traces the Latin adjective to…

It is inherited from Latin focus (“hearth, fireplace”). The Latin word first meant the hearth and only later, in Late Latin and the Romance languages, the fire itself, displacing ignis (“fire”). It…

It is inherited from Latin frangō (“to break”). The Latin verb has a nasal infix in the present and goes back to Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”). The verb survives south of the Danube…

It is probably borrowed from Byzantine Greek φρίκη (phríkē, “shudder, horror”), an old loan from Greek. Ciorănescu writes the Greek form as Modern Greek, MDA2 marks the origin as unknown and only…

It is formed from Romanian frumos + -ețe, the adjective “beautiful” with the suffix of abstract nouns. The adjective is from Latin fōrmōsus (“beautiful, shapely”).

It is inherited from Latin fugiō (“to flee”), in its popular form with the infinitive in ⟨-īre⟩ instead of classical ⟨-ere⟩. The Latin verb goes back to Proto-Indo-European *bʰewg-. It survives in…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *fulgerō (“to lighten”), the popular form of Latin fulgurō. Its ⟨e⟩ matches the noun fulger “lightning”, which continues fulger, a variant of the attested fulgur…

It is borrowed from Hungarian gond (“care, worry”). The DA says only that it comes from a word of the same origin as the Hungarian one. The Hungarian word is recorded from about 1372 with the sense…

It is formed from Romanian gând + -i, from the noun gând “thought”. The noun is from Hungarian gond (“care, worry”), which is recorded in Hungarian from the 14th century and also meant “thought” in…

Its origin is disputed between a Slavic and an Albanian source. In Ciorănescu's view it is borrowed from Serbo-Croatian gotovŭ (“ready”), a South Slavic adjective: Romanian speakers read its ending…

It is formed from Romanian gata + -i, from the adverb gata (“ready”). DEX, MDA2 and Wiktionary compare Albanian gatis. Ciorănescu thinks the variant găta may have been influenced by Old Church…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *genna, an altered form of Latin gena (“cheek”). Ciorănescu calls the double /n/ of the Vulgar Latin form insufficiently explained. Candrea and Densusianu put it…

It is borrowed from Bulgarian градина (gradina), or equally borrowed from Serbo-Croatian gradina, a Slavic loan. Tiktin and Scriban give Old Church Slavonic градина (gradina) as the source…

It is inherited from Latin grānum (“grain, seed”). The Latin word goes back to Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂nóm, “that which has ripened; grain”. It survives in all four branches: Aromanian grãn…

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Romanian greși (“to err, to sin”). The verb was borrowed from Old Church Slavonic грѣшити (grěšiti, “to sin”), from Proto-Slavic *grěšiti. For…

It is borrowed from Bulgarian грижа (griža, “worry, care”), as MDA2, DEX, Wiktionary and the Bulgarian etymological dictionary give it. Tiktin compares the Bulgarian word and derives it from Old…

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic гнои (gnoi, “dung, decay”), as DER, DEX, MDA2 and Tiktin give it. In the Slavonic texts the word translates Ancient Greek κόπρος (kópros, “dung”). DER…

It is inherited from Latin gustō (“to taste”). Pușcariu, Candrea–Densusianu, the REW and the DA take it straight from the Latin verb, while Ciorănescu treats it as a derivative of the noun gust…

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic адъ (adŭ, “hell, underworld”), a word of the church. The Slavonic word renders Ancient Greek ᾍδης (Hāídēs, “Hades, the underworld”) in the translations of the…

Its origin is uncertain. Ciorănescu, following Schuchardt, Gaston Paris, Meyer-Lübke, Pușcariu and the REW, thinks it is probably inherited from Vulgar Latin *era (“also”). The REW compares Romansh…

It is inherited from Latin herba (“grass, herb”). The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian earbã, Megleno-Romanian iarbă and Istro-Romanian iorbe. Its Romance cognates include Italian erba…

It is most often explained as borrowed from Bulgarian ето (eto, “here is, look”), the source DEX, MDA2, NODEX and CADE give. Wiktionary also takes it from Bulgarian and adds that iacă may have…

It is inherited from Latin herī (“yesterday”). The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian aieri or Aromanian aeri, Megleno-Romanian ieri and Istro-Romanian ieri. Its Romance cognates include…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *lībertō (“to set free”), a popular Latin verb that the DA and the REW reconstruct. Wiktionary gives it as Latin and derives it ultimately from lībertās (“liberty…

It is inherited from Latin exeō (“to go out”), formed from ex- (“out of”) and eō (“to go”). It survives in Aromanian es and Megleno-Romanian ies. Romance cognates include Italian escire, the older…

It is formed from Romanian ieși + -re: the long infinitive of the verb, used as a noun. Ciorănescu lists it among the derivatives of the verb. The verb is from Latin exeō (“to go out”).

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *ambi (“both”), with the feminine ambae, the plural forms that took the place of Classical ambō. The word survives south of the Danube as Aromanian îmbi. Its…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *imbrācāre (“to put on trousers”), formed on Latin brāca (“trousers, breeches”). DER cites Pușcariu, Candrea–Densusianu, the REW and the DA for this etymon. The…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *imbuccō (“to put into the mouth”), from bucca (“cheek; mouth”). The Latin word meant “cheek” and, in colloquial speech, “mouth”. The verb survives south of the…

It is inherited from Latin imperātor (“commander, emperor”), from imperō (“to command”). Ciorănescu and Scriban note that it continues the Latin nominative, not the accusative, as Albanian mbret…

It is inherited from Late Latin impartiō (“to share, divide”), the form behind the Romanian verb in DEX, MDA2 and Wiktionary. The REW lists the Romanian verb under this Latin one, beside Italian…

It is inherited from Latin impedicō (“to catch by the feet, entangle”), as DER, DEX, MDA2 and the DA agree. The Latin verb is formed on in- and pedica (“fetter, snare for the feet”), itself from pēs…

It is inherited from Latin impingō (“to thrust into, push”). The verb survives as Aromanian pingu. Papahagi derives it from Latin pingō, Pascu from a variant of the classical pangō (“to fix…

It is formed from Romanian în + preună, the old adverb being itself made of pre “on” and una “one”. Ciorănescu likewise traces it to the numeral through the simple adverb and compares Spanish en…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *imprōmūtuō (“to borrow”), a Vulgar Latin verb that the REW reconstructs for Romanian, Italian improntare, French emprunter and Occitan emprumtar. Latin itself has…