Romanian words first recorded in the 15th century

It is the long infinitive of cere, formed from Romanian cere + -re and used as a noun. The verb is from Latin quaerō (“to seek”), a verb kept throughout Romance.

It is inherited from Latin cithera, the popular Latin form of cithara (“lyre, cithara”). The Appendix Probi of the 5th century already condemns it as a mistake for the classical form. Latin took the…

It is inherited from Latin clāvis (“key”), from the accusative clāvem, a word kept by the Romance languages. DELR records an older form ⟨cleie⟩ in the Anonymus Caransebesiensis of about 1650. The…

It is inherited from Latin clāmō (“to shout, cry out; to call”). The Latin verb looks like a derivative of a lost noun meaning “shout”, and Wiktionary traces it to Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to…

It is the unstressed form from Romanian ce (“what”), the interrogative and relative pronoun, which comes from Latin quid (“what”). In unstressed position /e/ was raised to /i/, as in nici from older…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *quene, from Latin quem, the accusative of quī (“who”). In this view the monosyllable ⟨quem⟩ became *quen and took a final vowel, as Latin mel gave miere. The…

It is probably borrowed from Bulgarian чудат (čudat, “wonderful; strange”), as Pascu proposed in 1931; the DA, Tiktin, MDA2 and DEX follow him. CADE and Ciorănescu derive it in Romanian from ciudă…

It is inherited from Latin coxa (“hip, haunch”). The Latin word comes from Proto-Indo-European *kóḱseh₂, from *koḱs- (“joint, limb”); de Vaan reconstructs *koḱs-h₂-. Latin /ks/ became /ps/ here, but…

The verb goes back to an older pogorî, the form found in the first texts. In DELR's view the older verb is from Old Church Slavonic погорь (pogorĭ, “downwards”), taken either through an unattested…

It is inherited from Latin commendō (“to entrust, commend”), in its popular form *commandō, remade on mandō (“to entrust”). The Latin verb is formed from con- and that verb. The Romanian senses…

DELR takes it as inherited from Latin contineō (“to hold together, keep in, restrain”), itself formed from con- and teneō (“to hold”), which moved early to the fourth conjugation of Romanian verbs…

It is inherited from Latin cooperiō (“to cover completely”), formed from co- and operiō (“to cover, close”). It is the older form of acoperi, which adds a prothetic ⟨a-⟩; DER notes that the two have…

It is inherited from Latin crēdō (“to believe, entrust”), a verb found throughout the Romance languages. The DÉRom reconstructs the Proto-Romance verb with the senses “to hold true”, “to trust” and…

It is formed from Romanian credință + -ios. DELR, DEX and Ciorănescu derive it within Romanian, and the DA's Latin source, Vulgar Latin *crēdentiōsus from *crēdentia, is the less likely view, which…

It is inherited from Late Latin crēdentia (“belief”), from crēdēns (“believing”), from crēdō (“to believe”). REW notes that a word formed in Romanian on crede would be ⟨crezință⟩, which points to…

It is inherited from Latin crēscō (“to grow, increase”). DÉRom reconstructs Proto-Romance */ˈkresk-e-/ “to grow; to make grow”. The Latin verb comes from Proto-Indo-European *ḱreh₁- (“to grow…

It is inherited from Latin cum (“with”). The Latin preposition comes from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with”). The preposition survives in all four branches: Aromanian cu…

It is inherited from Latin cōgitō (“to think”), from con- and agitō (“to drive, stir; to turn over in the mind”), from agō (“to drive”). Its Romance cognates include Old French cuidier, Spanish…

The origin is disputed. The usual view, followed by DELR, DEX, MDA2 and the DA, is inherited from Vulgar Latin *cubium (“resting place”), formed on cubō (“to lie down”) like concubium; it is…

It is inherited from Latin collocō (“to place, set in place”). The Latin verb is formed from con- and locō (“to put in a place”), from locus (“place”). In Late Latin it had also come to mean “to lay…

It is inherited from Latin colligō (“to gather together”), a pan-Romance verb. The Latin verb is a compound of con- and legō (“to gather, collect”). The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian…

It is inherited from Latin quōmodo (“in what way, how”), shortened already in popular Latin to quomo. The Latin word is formed of quō and modō, “in what way”. The word survives in all four branches…

DELR, DEX and MDA2 take it as inherited from Vulgar Latin *compitō (“to count, reckon”), a spoken form of Latin computō (“to calculate, count up”), which is formed from con- and putō (“to reckon; to…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *complīō (“to finish”), a form of Latin compleō (“to fill up, complete”) moved to the fourth conjugation. The Latin verb is formed from con- and pleō (“to fill”), a…

It is formed from Romanian cum + -va: cum (“how”) with the indefinite element taken from the old third-person singular present of vrea (“to want”). Ciorănescu likewise lists it among the derivatives…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *connōscō, the popular form of Latin cognōscō (“to get to know”), remade after the simple verb nōscō. Wiktionary gives the Late Latin form as conōscō. The Latin…

It is inherited from Latin corōnō (“to crown”), the verb derived from corōna (“crown, wreath”), which gave the noun cunună. Ciorănescu lists it among the derivatives of the noun but allows that it…

It is inherited from Latin corōna (“wreath, crown”), a word found in all the Romance languages. The Latin word is from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “crow; anything curved; a kind of crown”). The…

It is from Romanian cura (“to clean”), the past participle of that old verb used as an adjective. The verb is from Latin cūrō (“to take care of”), from cūra (“care”). Other sources take it straight…

It is from Romanian curat (“clean”), with the ⟨ț⟩ of the masculine plural ⟨curați⟩. DELR lists it in the family of the adjective, and Ciorănescu among the derivatives of the old verb cura (“to…

It is inherited from Latin currō (“to run”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). The regular outcome was cure (old ⟨curre⟩), with the present ⟨cur⟩ and the participle curs. Towards the end…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *contremulō, a Latin verb not recorded in writing, formed with con- on Late Latin tremulō (“to tremble”), from Latin tremulus (“trembling”), from tremō (“to…

It is inherited from Latin conventum (“agreement”), beside conventus (“assembly, gathering”), from conveniō (“to come together”). The meaning moved from “gathering” through “agreement” and…

It is inherited from Latin conveniō (“to come together; to suit, be fitting”). The Latin verb was formed with con- on veniō (“to come”). DELR calls it panromance; its cognates include Italian…

DELR derives it from Romanian îns (“he himself”), the old pronoun from Latin ipse (“himself”). In the oldest texts it occurs only after the preposition la (from Latin illāc ad): the final /d/ of the…

1. The word for “but” is of uncertain origin, and the dictionaries disagree about it. Ciorănescu and Wiktionary think it probably a compound from Romanian de + iară, the preposition with the older…

1. The word for the preposition is inherited from Latin dē (“from, down from, about”). In Latin it first marked a movement from above downwards, and Late Latin made it the general preposition of…

It is formed from Romanian de + cât (“how much”). Ciorănescu lists it among the compounds of cât, which comes from Latin quantus (“how great”).

It is inherited from Latin digitus (“finger, toe”), a word kept by all the Romance languages. The Romanian plural continues a Latin plural digita. Pușcariu explains the dialect forms with /dz/ and…

It is formed from Romanian de + parte, with a first sense “aside, apart”, which DELR compares with Portuguese de parte (“aside, apart”). Candrea and Densusianu thought the sense “far” grew easily…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *discantō, from dis- and cantō (“to sing; to chant a spell”). It survives south of the Danube: Aromanian discãntu and Megleno-Romanian discǫnt. Its Romance…

DELR, MDA2 and DEX take it from Latin, as inherited from Vulgar Latin *disclāvō, from dis- and clāvō (“to nail”), from clāvus (“nail”). The Latin noun was in origin closely tied to clāvis (“key”)…

It is inherited from Latin disclūdō (“to separate, shut off”), formed with dis- on claudō (“to shut”). The Latin consonant group /skl/ regularly gave /ʃkʲ/, so the inherited form is ⟨deșchide⟩…

It is inherited from Late Latin discooperiō (“to uncover”), also written discoperiō. The Latin verb is formed with dis- on cooperiō (“to cover”), itself from co- and operiō (“to close, to cover”)…

It is inherited from Latin dēsertus (“abandoned, deserted”), the past participle of dēserō (“to abandon”), first “to detach”, a compound of serō (“to join, string together”). The word survives in…

It is a verb from Romanian deșert (“empty, deserted”). The adjective is from Latin dēsertus (“deserted, abandoned”). Pușcariu and Candrea–Densusianu derived the verb directly from Late Latin dēsertō…

It is inherited from Latin disfaciō (“to undo”), from dis- and faciō (“to make, do”), according to MDA2, Candrea–Densusianu and Wiktionary. Ciorănescu allows the Latin verb but thinks it more likely…

It is inherited from Latin dispartiō (“to divide, distribute”), a variant of dispertiō remade on pars (“part”); DELR notes that the variant is recorded in Latin glossaries. DEX and Romanian…

It is inherited from Latin dēspicō (“to cut open an animal, to gut”). DELR notes that the REW finds the word only in Romanian, and that Italian dispiccare, which Densusianu compared, cannot go back…

It is inherited from Latin dēscendō (“to come down, descend”), formed from dē- and scandō (“to climb”). Its Romance cognates include Italian descendere, French descendre and Spanish descender. The…

It is formed from Romanian de + sătul (“full, sated”), a phrase that became one word. In the phrase the adjective is used as a noun, “satiety, plenty”, a use kept in old phrases meaning “to one's…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin disligō (“to untie”), formed from dis- (“apart”) and ligō (“to tie, bind”). The REW gives the Latin verb as a reconstruction. Wiktionary notes that it is attested…

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic диꙗволъ (dijavolŭ, “devil”), the word of the Slavonic church texts. The Slavonic word renders Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos), which DELR glosses as “one…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *demanitia, built on the adverbial phrase Late Latin dē māne (“early in the morning”), from dē and māne (“morning; in the morning”). Candrea and Densusianu and the…

It is inherited from Latin dēns (“tooth”), continued in the accusative form ⟨dentem⟩, a word found in every Romance language. Latin had it from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts (“tooth”); its cognates…

Its origin is not certain. DELR, MDA2, DEX and the DLR hold that it is probably inherited from Latin dē hōrā (“from the hour”), that is dē and hōra (“hour”), or, as a Romanian formation, de and…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *duī (“two”), the masculine remade from Classical duo on the model of the ordinary plural ending -ī, with the feminine duae behind ⟨două⟩. DELR, after Candrea and…

It is inherited from Late Latin domnus (“master, lord”), the shortened form of dominus. The short form already occurs in Latin inscriptions. The Latin word is an old derivative of domus (“house”)…

It is formed from Romanian dor + -i. Dor “longing; pain” is from Late Latin dolus (“pain”), which DELR calls a back-formation from doleō (“to hurt”).

It is inherited from Latin dormiō (“to sleep”), a verb all the Romance languages share. It survives in all four branches: Aromanian dormu, Megleno-Romanian dorm and Istro-Romanian durmi. Its Romance…