ieși

Forms

ieși (third-person singular present iese, past participle ieșit, third-person subjunctive iasă) 4th conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin exeō (“to go out”),^{[2][3][4][5][1][6]} formed from ex- (“out of”) and eō (“to go”).^[1] It survives in Aromanian es and Megleno-Romanian ies.^[2][7][8] Romance cognates include Italian escire, the older form of uscire, Old French eissir, Occitan eisir, Catalan eixir and Old Spanish exir.^[2][6]

Earliest recorded meaning

The psalter index finds the verb in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century.^[9] Tiktin's first record is Neacșu's letter of 1521.^[10] The sense is “to go out of a place”, the one the verb has had ever since;^[5][3] MDA2's first record is the Codicele Voronețean.^[5][3]

Semantic evolution

From “to go out” the verb came to mean “to appear, to come forth”, “to grow, come up” (of plants), “to come from, originate”, “to leave a position or state” and “to turn out, to result”.^[2][4] The sense “to turn out (well or badly), succeed” matches Spanish salir.^[1] Aromanian es has a similarly wide range, including “to rise” of the sun.^[7] A ieși afară became a euphemism for “to relieve oneself”, and the derivative ieșitoare meant “privy”.^[2][4][6] Many phrases describe losing one's temper: a-și ieși din fire, din sărite, din pepeni.^[4][10]

Timeline

• early 16th century – forms of the verb in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki.^[9]
• 1521 – in Neacșu's letter.^[10]
• c. 1563–1583 – in the Codicele Voronețean.^[3]

Meanings

Verb

1. To go out, to exit: to leave a room or an enclosed space; to go out of the house: A ieșit din casă devreme.^[4][1]
2. To appear, to come into view or be heard; of crops, to come up; to originate from something.^[4]
3. To leave a position, situation or state; to break free; to depart from a rule or decision.^[4]
4. To turn out in a certain way; to succeed, to come out first or as winner: Prăjitura a ieșit foarte bună.^[4][1]

Word family

• ieșire
• ieșitură
• reieși

Related words

• Aromanian es
• Latin exeō

Usage notes

A-i ieși cuiva înainte means “to go to meet someone”;^[4] a-și ieși din fire (or din sărite, din pepeni) means “to lose one's temper”.^[4] The old spelling eși is a variant.^[2]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. ieși
3. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1109
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 488
5. ^ a b c Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. ieși
6. ^ a b c Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 3018
7. ^ a b Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 442
8. ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 155
9. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 59:11
10. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. ieșí