Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word fără

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1500–1520 Psaltirea Hurmuzaki More words from the 15th century
Inherited from
Latin foras
Ultimate origin
Latin forās
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin forās
Aromanian fãrã
Romanian fără
Spanish fuera
From the same root
Latin forāneus ← forās
Spanish afuera ← fuera

Pronunciation

Forms

fără (+accusative)[1] The Psaltirea Scheiană also writes făre and fărâ.[2] MDA2 records făr and făre, the regional fănă and the Transylvanian for.[3] In the Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet the word was written фъръ.[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin forās (“out of doors, outside”).[4][3][5][1][6] Ciorănescu suggests that the short variant făr may continue forīs (“outside”).[4] The first is the adverbial accusative plural of an old noun meaning door, the second its locative; both go back to Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“door”).[7][1]

The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian fãrã, Megleno-Romanian făr and Istro-Romanian făr de.[4][8][9] Its Romance cognates include Dalmatian fure, Italian fuora and fuori, Occitan foras, Old French fors (modern French hors), Spanish fuera and Portuguese fora.[4][6] The REW glosses the Romanian word as without, where the Romance words mean outside.[6] The same Latin adverb gave Romanian afară.[4][10]

The compound fărădelege was formed after Old Church Slavonic безакониѥ (bezakonije, “lawlessness”).[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

The Psaltirea Hurmuzaki, of the early 16th century, uses the preposition two dozen times, with the sense “without”.[11] MDA2 gives the Codicele Voronețean (c. 1563–1583) as its first record.[3] The psalters already have compounds such as fără-lege “iniquity”, translating Slavonic bezakonije, and fără-fund “abyss”.[2]

Semantic evolution

Old Romanian used the word much more widely than today.[3] Besides “without” it meant “except, other than” and “besides”, often in fără numai and fără decât “except only”, and as a conjunction “but, rather” after a negation.[3][5] Scriban describes fără cât and fără numai as old and Transylvanian.[10] The adversative sense is still regional: the dialect texts have nu ... fără for “not ... but”, and in Maramureș fără means “only”.[5][12]

With a subjunctive or an infinitive it introduces a negative clause, fără să or fără a “without doing”.[5] In telling the time and in subtraction it means “minus”: zece fără cinci “five to ten”.[5]

Timeline

  • early 16th century – fără “without” in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki.[11]
  • c. 1563–1583 – fără in the Codicele Voronețean, MDA2's first record.[3]
  • c. 1573–1578 – fără-lege “iniquity” and fără-fund “abyss” in the Psaltirea Scheiană.[2]
  • 1649 – fără dozens of times in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[13]
  • 1688 – more than a thousand occurrences in the Bucharest Bible.[14]

Meanings

Preposition

  1. without; lacking: un om fără griji “a carefree man”.[5][1]
  2. In telling the time and in measures, short of: unu fără un sfert “a quarter to one”; in arithmetic, minus.[5][15]
  3. Without the company or help of: Nu pot pleca fără tine.[5]

Conjunction

  1. With a subjunctive (fără să) or an infinitive (fără a): without doing something: A plecat fără să salute.[5]
  2. With a concessive clause: although not.[5]
  3. (regional) After a negation: but, rather;[5][3] (obsolete) except, other than.[5][3]

Word family

  • fărădelege

Usage notes

Fără is often followed by de in set phrases: fără de lege “lawless”, fără (de) veste “unexpectedly”, fără de vreme “too early”.[10][5]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c Candrea, I.-A. (1916), Psaltirea Scheiană comparată cu celelalte psaltiri din sec. XVI și XVII traduse din slavonește, vol. II: Glosarele, București: Socec, p. 290
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 884
  4. ^ a b c d e f Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. fără
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 384
  6. ^ a b c Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 3431
  7. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  8. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 452
  9. ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 125
  10. ^ a b c Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 497
  11. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 9:28
  12. ^ Ștef, Dorin (2021), Dicționar de regionalisme și arhaisme din județul Maramureș, 3rd ed., Baia Mare, p. s.v. fără
  13. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. fără
  14. ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Genesis 1:2
  15. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. fără

Related etymologies

  • apă · also from Latin
  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Fără.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/f%C4%83r%C4%83. Accessed 11 Nov. 2026.

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