Romanian words first recorded in the 15th century

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic рана (rana, “wound, blow”), from Proto-Slavic *rana. The word is common to the Slavic languages: Bulgarian рана (rana), Serbo-Croatian rana and Russian рана…

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic ранити (raniti, “to wound”), the verb of the Slavonic noun that gave rană. The Slavonic verb comes from Proto-Slavic *raniti, formed on *rana (“wound”). The…

It is inherited from Latin rapiō (“to seize, carry off”), in the fourth-conjugation form *rapīre that replaced the Classical infinitive ⟨rapere⟩. It survives south of the Danube: Aromanian arachiu…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *resaliō, from Latin re- (“again, back”) and saliō (“to jump”). Ciorănescu cites Pușcariu, the REW and Densusianu for this etymology. Pascu equates the form with…

It is inherited from Late Latin respondō (“to answer”), a remaking in the third conjugation of respondeō. The change of conjugation is attested in the Mulomedicina Chironis. The Classical verb was…

DEX takes it inherited from Vulgar Latin *erraticiō (“to wander”), a reshaping of *errāticō, from Latin errāticus (“wandering”). Tiktin, Pușcariu, Candrea and the REW connect it with the Latin…

1. The word for war is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic разбои (razboi, “crime, murder”), a word of the Old Church Slavonic texts. MDA2 and the DLR gloss the Slavonic source as “killing, plunder”…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *repausum (“rest”), a noun made on the Late Latin verb repausō (“to halt awhile, rest”). The verb is formed from re- and pausō (“to halt, cease”), from pausa…

Its origin is uncertain: DEX, DLR and Tiktin call it unknown. In Ciorănescu's view it is inherited from Vulgar Latin *rhizomō, from Ancient Greek ῥιζόομαι (rhizóomai, “to be firmly rooted, to rest…

Its origin is disputed. The DLR, MDA2 and Wiktionary hold that it is inherited from Latin ērādīcō (“to root out”), from rādīx (“root”), the view of Tiktin, Candrea and Graur. The learned eradica…

It is inherited from Latin rōdō (“to gnaw”). DÉRom reconstructs it for Proto-Romance with the sense “to wear away with the teeth bit by bit”. The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian arod…

It is inherited from Latin rōstrum (“beak, snout”). It survives as Aromanian arostu “mouth; shed of the loom”. The Romance cognates are Italian rostro, Spanish rostro “face”, Catalan rostre and…

It is inherited from Latin rōs (“dew”), a word that Romanian shares with Occitan ros and Catalan ros. It survives in Aromanian aroauă and Megleno-Romanian rauă. The Latin word comes from…

It is inherited from Latin rogātiōnem (“request”), the accusative of a noun formed on rogō (“to ask”). Ciorănescu takes it as probably coming straight from Latin, following Pușcariu and the REW…

Its origin is disputed. Ciorănescu lists it among the derivatives of the verb, from Romanian rușina (“to shame”), which is formed from Romanian roși (“to redden”) + -ina with an expressive suffix…

It is inherited from Latin sī (“if”). The vowel /ə/ comes from the Latin long /iː/ in an unstressed position, as in vecin from vīcīnus. The word survives south of the Danube as Aromanian si…

It is inherited from Latin sagittō (“to shoot arrows”), according to DEX, the DLR, MDA2, Tiktin and Wiktionary. Ciorănescu lists it among the derivatives of săgeată and adds that it could come…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin salvāticus, the popular form of Latin silvāticus (“of the woods, wild”), from silva (“forest”). MDA2, the DLR and Wiktionary start from the classical form. Its…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *sementia (“seed”). Wiktionary takes it as Late Latin sementia, the plural of a neuter sementium, formed on Latin sēmentis (“sowing”), from sēmen (“seed”). Graur…

It is inherited from Latin sinus (“fold, cavity, bosom”). The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian sin, Megleno-Romanian sin and Istro-Romanian sir. The Romance cognates include Italian…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *sanguem, a Vulgar Latin remaking of the accusative sanguinem of Latin sanguis (“blood”). De Vaan traces the first part of the Latin word to the oblique stem…

It is inherited from Latin sanguinō (“to bleed”), a verb formed on sanguis (“blood”). The Latin verb was rare and late, with the sense “to bleed, run with blood”. It survives south of the Danube…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *sappāre, a verb formed on Late Latin sappa (“mattock, hoe”). Ciorănescu lists it as a Romanian derivative of sapă “hoe”, but adds that it may come straight from…

It is inherited from Latin septem (“seven”), from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥ (“seven”). The numeral survives in all four branches: Aromanian shapte, Megleno-Romanian șapti and Istro-Romanian sǫpte…

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic сиракъ (sirakŭ, “orphan; poor”), the source DER, MDA2, the DLR and Scriban name. DER cites Miklosich, Cihac and Philippide for it and compares Bulgarian сирак…

It is inherited from Latin salūtō (“to greet”). Ciorănescu cites Pușcariu's EWRS (no. 1528), the REW, Șăineanu's semasiology and Densusianu for this etymology. DÉRom reconstructs the verb for…

Ciorănescu takes it as inherited from Latin satis (“enough”), through an unattested *satius that Meillet considered necessary to explain satietās, and compares Old French sez (“abundance”)…

It is inherited from Latin satullus (“sated, replete”), a diminutive of satur (“full, sated”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian sãtul, Megleno-Romanian sătul and Istro-Romanian satú. Its…

It is inherited from Latin saturō (“to fill, sate”), formed on satur (“full, sated”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian satur, Megleno-Romanian satur and Istro-Romanian sotur. Outside…

It is formed from Romanian să + au according to MDA2, the DLR, DEX and Wiktionary, ⟨au⟩ being the old conjunction “or”. Others derive it from Latin. Cihac gave Latin seu (“or”) and sīve. Ciorănescu…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *seus, which continues Latin suus (“his, her, its own”). The change of the Latin stem is explained in two ways. Densusianu, Pușcariu, Candrea and the REW took the…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *excadeō (“to fall out”), from ex- and cadō (“to fall”), a form beside classical excidō. The word survives in Aromanian as scad. Its Romance cognates are Italian…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *excappō, a verb not recorded in Latin texts. It is formed on Late Latin cappa (“cloak”) with the prefix ex- (“out”); Graur explains it as “to slip out of one's…

It is inherited from Latin scamnum (“stool, bench”). The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian scamnu, Megleno-Romanian scand and Istro-Romanian scånd. Its Romance cognates include Italian…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *excambiō (“to exchange”), from ex- (“out”) and Late Latin cambiō (“to exchange”). The Late Latin verb is of Gaulish origin. DER cites Pușcariu and the REW, and…

It is formed from Romanian schimba + -re: the long infinitive of the verb “to change”, used as a noun. The verb continues Vulgar Latin *excambiō (“to exchange”), made of ex and Late Latin cambiō…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *excotō (“to shake out”), a popular remodelling of Latin excutiō (“to shake out, knock out”). The Latin verb is made of ex- (“out of”) and quatiō (“to shake”). DER…

It is inherited from Latin scrībō (“to write”), a verb that survives across the Romance languages. The Latin verb first meant “to scratch, carve”, and comes from Proto-Indo-European *skreybʰ- (“to…

Its origin is disputed. According to the DLR, MDA2 and DEX (the last with “probably”), it is inherited from Vulgar Latin *excubulāre, a hunting term for driving an animal out of its lair, built on…

It is inherited from Latin scūtum (“shield”). Its Romance cognates include Logudorese iskudu, Catalan escut, French écu, Spanish escudo and Portuguese escudo; Italian scudo came from Occitan escut…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *excutulō (“to shake out”), a verb formed on Latin excutiō (“to shake out, knock out”). Meyer, Candrea, Pușcariu, Tiktin and the REW all derive it this way…

It is inherited from Latin sē (“himself, herself, themselves”), which every Romance language kept. The pronoun survives as Aromanian se. Its Romance cognates include Italian si, French se, Occitan…

It is inherited from Late Latin sēra (“evening”), a Late Latin noun shortened from the phrase sēra diēs (“late day”), with the feminine of Latin sērus (“late”). The adjective goes back to…

The Academy dictionaries take the verb from Latin: it is inherited from Vulgar Latin *sicilō (“to reap with a sickle”), a verb formed on sicilis (“sickle”). Tiktin compares Friulian sezelâ and…

It is inherited from Latin sedeō (“to sit”). The Latin verb comes from *sed- (“to sit”). The verb survives in all four branches: Aromanian șed, Megleno-Romanian șǒd and Istro-Romanian șed. Its…

1. The word for “to sow” is inherited from Latin sēminō (“to sow”), from sēmen (“seed”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian seamin, Megleno-Romanian sęmin and Istro-Romanian semiru. Its…

It is inherited from Latin signum (“mark, sign”). It survives in Aromanian semnu and Megleno-Romanian semn. Its Romance cognates include Italian segno, Occitan senh, Old French seing, Catalan senya…

DEX, MDA2, the DLR, the DLRLV and Tiktin derive it from șerb: it is formed from Romanian șerb (“slave, serf”) + -i. Ciorănescu, after Pușcariu, takes it straight from Latin serviō (“to be a slave…

It is inherited from Latin sitis (“thirst”). De Vaan derives the Latin word from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰítis (“destruction, perishing”): the initial cluster was reordered in the prehistory of…

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic свѧтъ (svętŭ, “holy”), a word of the Slavonic church language. Scriban and NODEX write the Slavonic form ⟨sventŭ⟩. The Slavonic adjective glosses Ancient…

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic съврьшити (sŭvrĭšiti, “to complete, to accomplish”) according to DER, DLR, MDA2 and DEX, and DLR and MDA2 add the contracted form свръшити (svrŭšiti), which…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *senicus, a derivative of senex (“old man”). The REW cites the Old Romanian form ⟨sinrecu⟩ beside Occitan senec “old” and the Campidanese Sardinian senega in a…

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic слава (slava, “glory, fame”), a word of the church language. Miklosich and Cihac already gave this source. In Old Church Slavonic it translated Ancient Greek…

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic слоужьба (služĭba, “service, ministry”), a word of the Slavonic church and chancery. DER treats it with the verb sluji, from слоужити (služiti), and also…

It is inherited from Latin sors (“lot; fate”). The older form, now archaic, is soarte. The masculine sorț was made from the plural ⟨sorți⟩, understood as a masculine. The Latin noun goes back to…

It is inherited from Latin socius (“companion, partner”). The Latin word goes back to Proto-Indo-European *sokʷ-yo- (“companion”), from *sekʷ- (“to follow”), the root of sequor (“to follow”). The…

It is formed from Romanian soț + -ie, according to DEX, DLR, MDA2 and Wiktionary. Ciorănescu lists it among the derivatives of the noun, which continues Latin socius (“companion, partner”)…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *experlavō (“to wash out”), formed with ex- on Late Latin perlavō (“to wash thoroughly”), itself from per- and Latin lavō (“to wash”). Candrea and Densusianu add…

It is inherited from Latin spargō (“to scatter, to strew”). Ciorănescu cites Cihac, Șăineanu, Pușcariu and the REW for it. De Vaan derives the Latin verb from Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to strew”)…

It is inherited from Latin spatha (“broad blade; weaver's batten; broadsword”), which is from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē, “any broad blade”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian spatã…