sătura

Forms

sătura (third-person singular present satură, past participle săturat, third-person subjunctive sature) 1st conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin saturō (“to fill, sate”),^{[2][3][4][5][6][1]} formed on satur (“full, sated”).^[7][1]

It survives in all four branches: Aromanian satur, Megleno-Romanian satur and Istro-Romanian sotur.^[2][8][9] Outside Romanian the verb survives in southern Italian dialects.^[2][6] Its doublet satura “to saturate” is a borrowing of French saturer.^[2][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

MDA2's first record is the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century, where Psalm 16 has săturară “they were filled”.^[3][10] A text of 1560 quoted by DLR warns: „mânca-veți și nu vă veți sătura” “you shall eat and not be filled”.^[11]

Semantic evolution

The reflexive “to eat or drink one's fill” and the transitive “to feed until full” are the oldest senses.^[11][4] From them came “to be fully satisfied” and “to get enough of something, to be fed up”: Tiktin quotes Neculce on the Moldavians who „nu se mai satură de domni” “never get enough of princes”.^[5][4] The old phrase a se sătura de viață “to have had enough of life” meant “to die”.^[3] Ciorănescu notes that the dialect of the Transylvanian Saxons borrowed the verb.^[2]

Timeline

• c. 1500-1520 – săturară “they were filled” in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki.^[10][3]
• 1560 – „nu vă veți sătura” “you shall not be filled” in a text quoted by DLR.^[11]
• 1649 – satur “I sate” in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.^[12]
• 1688 – sătura and its forms many times in the Bucharest Bible.^[13]

Meanings

Verb

1. (reflexive and transitive) To satiate: to eat or drink one's fill, or to feed someone until full.^[4][3][1]
2. (figurative) To be, or make, fully satisfied with something.^[4][3]
3. (figurative, reflexive) To be fed up or sick of something or someone.^[4][3][1]

Word family

• săturat
• săturare
• nesăturat
• săturător

Related words

• sătul
• satura
• Aromanian satur
• Latin saturō

Usage notes

The present is satur, saturi, satură, with the stress on the stem.^[4][1] Pe săturate means “to one's fill”.^[4] A se sătura ca de mere acre “to have had one's fill as of sour apples” means “to be utterly sick of something”.^[3]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. sătura
3. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 780
4. ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 982
5. ^ a b Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. sătura
6. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 7622
7. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
8. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 916
9. ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 258
10. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 16:16
11. ^ a b c Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. sătura
12. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. satur
13. ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Exodus 16:12