Etymology and origin of the Romanian word ședea
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- c. 1500–1520 Psaltirea Hurmuzaki More words from the 15th century
- Inherited from
- Latin sedeo
- Ultimate origin
- Proto-Indo-European *sed-
From the same root
Pronunciation
- /ʃeˈde̯a/[1]
Forms
ședea (third-person singular present șade, past participle șezut, third-person subjunctive șadă), 2nd conjugation[1] The present is șed, șezi, șade, with Moldavian șede and the subjunctive să șadă or să șază.[2] Muntenia and Oltenia also have a first person șez, Transylvania șeg.[3]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin sedeō (“to sit”).[2][3][4][1][5] The Latin verb comes from *sed- (“to sit”).[1][6]
The verb survives in all four branches: Aromanian șed, Megleno-Romanian șǒd and Istro-Romanian șed.[2][7] Its Romance cognates include Italian sedere, Occitan sezer, French seoir, Catalan seure, Spanish seer and Portuguese seer.[2][5]
Ciorănescu notes that though it is clearly different from sta, popular speech confuses them, saying stai jos (“sit down”) for the correct imperative.[2] așeza and șes are related.[2]
Earliest recorded meaning
The verb is in the first Romanian psalter, the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki (c. 1500–1520), as șede “he sits” (Ps 9:30) and the infinitive ședea (Ps 68:15).[8][9][3] The Codicele Voronețean has șidea for those who sat with the king.[10]
Semantic evolution
The core sense, “to be seated”, gave “to sit down”, “to stay, remain somewhere”, “to live, dwell” and “to be idle”.[2][4] In the old language the verb was also transitive, “to seat, set someone on a throne”: the Bible of 1688 says „Și-l șezură pre el preste scaunul împăraților” “and they set him on the throne of the kings”.[11] With bine or rău it means “to suit” or “not to suit”.[4][2] Many phrases build on it: a ședea pe ghimpi “to be on tenterhooks”, a ședea pe capul cuiva “to pester someone”, a ședea cu mâinile în sân “to do nothing”.[4]
Romanian derived ședere “stay, residence”, șezătoare “evening gathering for spinning and talk” and șezut “seat, bottom”;[2] ședință “meeting” is French séance adapted to ședea.[2]
Timeline
- c. 1500-1520 – șede and ședea in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki.[8][3]
- c. 1563-1583 – șidea in the Codicele Voronețean.[10]
- 1570 – șade, șezi and șezură in Coresi's psalter.[12]
- c. 1573-1578 – the Psaltirea Scheiană, Tiktin's first record.[11]
- 1688 – transitive a ședea “to seat” in the Bucharest Bible.[11]
Meanings
Verb
- To sit, to be seated.[4][13]
- To sit down, take a seat; to stop and rest;[4] (in the imperative or negative) to keep still: Șezi locului! “Keep still!”[4]
- To stay, remain somewhere or in some position for a time;[4] a ședea la masă “to sit at table, to eat”.[4]
- To spend time somewhere;[4] (rare, of things) to be placed or stored somewhere.[4]
- To dwell, live somewhere.[4][2]
- With bine, rău, frumos: to suit or not suit someone; to be or not be proper.[4]
- To be in a certain situation in relation to something or someone.[4]
- To be idle, to have no occupation: Ce faci? Șed și aștept. “What are you doing? I'm sitting and waiting.”[4]
Word family
- cuședea
- ședere
- ședință
- șezătoare
- șezut
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. ședea
- ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1093
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1086
- ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 7780
- ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
- ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1004
- ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 9:30
- ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 68:15
- ^ a b Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. ședea
- ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. ședea
- ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 109:1
- ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. ședea
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Ședea.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C8%99edea. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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