Romanian words first recorded in the 15th century

It is inherited from Latin spargō (“to scatter, to strew”). Ciorănescu cites Cihac, Șăineanu, Pușcariu and the REW for it. De Vaan derives the Latin verb from Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to strew”)…

It is inherited from Latin spatha (“broad blade; weaver's batten; broadsword”), which is from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē, “any broad blade”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian spatã…

It is inherited from Latin spatha (“broad blade, sword”), through its plural spathae. It began as the plural of spată “shoulder blade”, used as a singular for the back: Șăineanu called it the plural…

It is inherited from Late Latin spīnālis (“of the spine”), used as a noun. Gabinschi explains it as the adjective with its noun left out, and Șăineanu supplies the noun pars (“part”). The Latin…

It is inherited from Latin expōnō (“to set out, explain”), from ex- and pōnō (“to place, put”). The neologism expune is a later loan of the same Latin verb. The verb survives in Aromanian aspun…

It is inherited from Latin spurcō (“to make filthy, defile”), from spurcus (“dirty, filthy”). DER cites Pușcariu and the REW for it. It survives south of the Danube as Megleno-Romanian spurc (“to…

It is inherited from Latin stō (“to stand”). The present ⟨stau⟩ continues Vulgar Latin *staō. Tiktin derives the perfect ⟨stătui⟩ and the participle ⟨stătut⟩ perhaps from Latin statuō (“to set up”)…

It is inherited from Latin stēlla (“star”), through the old form steală and the colloquial steauă, later shortened. Tiktin points out that the Romance forms all require the long ⟨ē⟩. Ciorănescu…

It is inherited from Latin sciō (“to know”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian știu, Megleno-Romanian știu and Istro-Romanian știwu. Among the other Romance languages only Sardinian kept…

It is formed from Romanian stră- + bate (“to beat”). Pascu derived it straight from Vulgar Latin *extrabattere, which Ciorănescu finds improbable. Wiktionary calls it less likely. The verb has a…

Most dictionaries take it as inherited from Latin extrāneus (“external, foreign”), although the regular sound changes would have given ⟨*strâi⟩. DEX 2009 calls it of unknown origin. Ciorănescu holds…

It is probably inherited from Vulgar Latin *extrāmūtō (“to move elsewhere”), a Latin compound of extrā (“outside”) and mūtō (“to change, move”) that stands in place of Classical Latin trānsmūtō…

It is inherited from Latin stringō (“to draw tight, bind”). It survives south of the Danube as Aromanian stringu and Megleno-Romanian string. Its Romance cognates include Dalmatian strengar, Italian…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *sufflitus (“breath”), a noun built on sufflō (“to blow”) as hālitus (“breath”) was built on hālō (“to breathe”); this is the explanation of Meyer and Candrea…

It is inherited from Latin subeō (“to go under; to go up, approach”). The Latin verb is formed from sub- (“under”) and eō (“to go”). The verb survives in Megleno-Romanian as sui. Its Romance…

It is inherited from Latin surdus (“deaf”). Wiktionary traces the Latin word to Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“ringing, whistling”); de Vaan notes that this root does not explain the meaning. The word…

It is inherited from Latin sūsum (“upward”), the popular form of sursum with /rs/ reduced to /s/. The form without /r/ is already written by Cato. The classical form was formed from sub (“under”)…

It is a back-formation from Romanian suspina (“to sigh”), according to DEX, the DLR and MDA2. The verb continues suspīrō (“to sigh”). Ciorănescu adds that the deverbal noun may be older than…

It is inherited from Latin taceō (“to be silent”). The Latin verb continues Proto-Italic *takēō, which de Vaan derives from Proto-Indo-European *tHk-eh₁- (“to be silent”), with cognates in Germanic…

It is inherited from Late Latin tāliō (“to cut”). MDA2 gives the Latin verb as a reconstruction. It survives in all four branches: Aromanian talj, Megleno-Romanian tal'u and Istro-Romanian talʼå…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *tenerus, the popular form of Latin tener (“soft, tender, delicate”). The older form tinăr became the modern form under the influence of the following ⟨ă⟩, as…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *zinzalus (“gnat, mosquito”), a form of Late Latin zinzala, a rustic word of imitative origin. Ciorănescu derives it from this word or, preferably, from tentiala, a…

It is inherited from Latin tālis (“such, of such a kind”), from its accusative tālem. DER follows Pușcariu, the REW and Rosetti, and lists the Romance cognates Italian tale, French tel, Spanish tal…

It is inherited from Latin tata (“dad”), a word of children's speech; Wiktionary traces it to Proto-Indo-European *tatás. It survives in all four branches: Aromanian tatã, Megleno-Romanian tată and…

Its origin is disputed: for DEX, MDA2 and DLR it is inherited from Vulgar Latin *titia, a form of Latin titta (“teat”), as it is for Pușcariu and the REW. The word is found in all four branches…

1. The word for a pond or mountain lake is borrowed from Hungarian tó (“lake, pond”). Cihac and Tiktin already gave this source. It belongs to the Hungarian layer of Transylvania and Moldavia, where…

It is inherited from Latin timeō (“to fear”), and DER adds that it passed through a popular form with a long /iː/, *tīmeō. The verb has Istro-Romanian temu beside it, and Romance cognates in Italian…

It is inherited from Latin tendō (“to stretch, extend”), which goes back to Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch”). It survives south of the Danube as Aromanian tindu and Megleno-Romanian tind…

It is inherited from Latin teneō (“to hold, grasp”). The present infinitive was first ținea, the regular outcome of a verb of the Latin second conjugation; in Muntenia it went over to the third…

It is formed from Romanian tânăr + -ețe, like bătrânețe. The REW instead makes it inherited from Vulgar Latin *teneritia (“tenderness”), on tener (“soft, tender”), the source of Italian tenerezza…

It is inherited from Latin torqueō (“to twist, turn”), in the third-conjugation form *torcere of spoken Latin. The verb survives in all four branches: Aromanian torcu, Megleno-Romanian torcu and…

It is inherited from Latin tōtus (“whole, all”). Pușcariu mentions the alternative Latin form tottus, which some Romance languages continue. Because the Latin word took over the plural sense “all”…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *tragō (“to pull”), a popular form of trahō (“to pull, drag, haul”). DER cites Pușcariu and the REW for the form with /g/. The DHLF explains it as a remodelling of…

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic трѣбовати (trěbovati, “to need, to be in need of”). The Slavonic verb meant “to need” and, in one text, “to bring offerings”. It belongs with трѣба (trěba…

It is inherited from Late Latin tremulō, a verb formed on Latin tremulus (“trembling”), from tremō (“to tremble”). Wiktionary dates the Latin verb to a 7th-century manuscript. The word survives in…

It is inherited from Latin trāmittō (“to send across, convey”), a variant of trānsmittō. The same Latin verb gave Old Italian tramettere, Old Occitan trametre and Catalan trametre. It survives in…

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic троупъ (trupŭ, “corpse”), from Proto-Slavic *trupъ. Ciorănescu follows Miklosich and Cihac and compares Bulgarian труп (trup), Serbo-Croatian trup and Polish…

It is inherited from Latin tū (“you (singular)”). Wiktionary takes the Latin word from Proto-Italic and Proto-Indo-European *túh₂; de Vaan reconstructs the Proto-Indo-European nominative as *ti(H)…

The DLR, MDA2 and Graur take it as a back-formation from Romanian tuna (“to thunder”). The verb is from Latin tonō (“to thunder”). Ciorănescu and Tiktin give this view or the Latin noun discussed…

It is inherited from Latin tonō (“to thunder”). The Latin verb comes from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tenh₂- (“to thunder”), the root of English thunder too. It survives in Aromanian tun and…

It is inherited from Latin turbō (“to disturb, throw into confusion”), a verb formed on turba (“turmoil, crowd”). Pascu derived it from a *torvō formed on torvus (“grim, glaring”), which DER judges…

It is inherited from Latin turma (“troop of cavalry; crowd”). In Latin the word named a small squadron of horsemen; the OLD compares turba (“crowd”). The word survives in Aromanian as turmã and in…

It is inherited from Late Latin turturella (“little turtle dove”), a diminutive of Latin turtur (“turtle dove”), according to Tiktin, the DLR, MDA2 and NODEX. The REW and Wiktionary also name the…

It is inherited from Latin occīdō (“to kill”). The Latin verb is a compound of ob- and caedō (“to cut, kill”). The verb survives in all four branches, but south of the Danube it means “to hit”…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *oblītāre (“to forget”), formed on Latin oblītus (“forgotten”), the past participle of oblīvīscor (“to forget”). Ciorănescu gives the same source, after Cipariu…

It is inherited from Latin ambulō (“to walk”), through a shortened Vulgar Latin form *amblō. The older Romanian form was îmbla, which later became umbla. Ciorănescu cites Diez, Candrea, Pușcariu and…

It is inherited from Latin umbra (“shadow, shade”). The word survives south of the Danube: Aromanian aumbrã and Megleno-Romanian umbră. Wiktionary suggests the Aromanian form may owe its initial…

It is inherited from Latin impleō (“to fill”), formed from Latin in- + pleō. Wiktionary starts from a Vulgar Latin *implĕre of the third conjugation. As in umfla, the change of ⟨in-⟩ to ⟨un-⟩ may be…

It is inherited from Latin unda (“wave”). Its Aromanian counterpart is undã. Its Romance cognates include Dalmatian yonda, Italian onda, Occitan onda, Catalan ona, Spanish onda and Portuguese onda…

It is inherited from Latin ungō (“to smear, anoint”). The word survives in all four branches of Romanian: Aromanian ungu, Megleno-Romanian ung and Istro-Romanian ungu. Its Romance cognates include…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *ungla, the syncopated form of Latin ungula (“hoof, claw, talon”). The Latin word is formed on unguis (“fingernail, talon”), although it is not a diminutive in…

It is inherited from Latin ūnctum (“ointment; rich food”), the noun use of the neuter of ūnctus (“anointed”), from ungō (“to anoint”). Scriban explains the form through an older stage with /mt/, the…

It is inherited from Latin ūnus (“one”). The Latin word, Old Latin oinos, comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one, single”). Wiktionary explains the final ⟨-u⟩ of the numeral: the counting…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *horriō, a fourth-conjugation form of Latin horreō (“to bristle, to shudder”) and horrēscō (“to bristle, to shudder”). Romanian conjugates it with the infix -esc…

It is borrowed from Hungarian óriás (“giant”). Tamás places it among the Hungarian loans recorded since the oldest texts. Ciorănescu follows Cihac and Tiktin. The Hungarian word is itself of unknown…

It is formed from Romanian urmă (“footprint, trace”), the noun, as a verb of the first conjugation. The noun's origin is uncertain. Ciorănescu takes it from Ancient Greek ὁρμή (hormḗ, “impulse”)…

Its origin is disputed. According to MDA2 and the DLR, it is inherited from Vulgar Latin *orma, and Wiktionary calls it possibly from that form or from Late Latin osma, itself from Ancient Greek…

It is inherited from Latin ōrdiō (“to lay the warp; to begin”), the active form that spoken Latin used beside the deponent ōrdior. It survives south of the Danube: Aromanian urdzãscu. Ciorănescu…

It is most likely inherited from Latin exsūcō (“to squeeze the juice out”), formed from ex- and sūcus (“juice, moisture”). Tiktin notes that the verb already meant “to dry” in Vulgar Latin, and that…

It is inherited from Latin viduus (“deprived of a spouse”), and its feminine văduvă continues vidua (“widow”). It survives in Aromanian veduu. Its Romance cognates include Italian vedovo, French…