Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word șapte

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1500–1520 Psaltirea Hurmuzaki More words from the 15th century
Inherited from
Latin septem
Ultimate origin
Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin septem
French sept
Italian sette
Romanian șapte
Spanish siete
From the same root
Latin September ← septem
Latin septendecim ← septem
Latin septentrio ← septem
Latin septenus ← septem
Latin septies ← septem
Latin septingenti ← septem

Pronunciation

Forms

șapte (cardinal numeral)[1] Moldavia and popular speech have șepte, as in Creangă: „ținea... șepte lei și jumătate” “it cost seven and a half lei”.[2][3][4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin septem (“seven”), from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥ (“seven”).[2][5][6][1][7] The numeral survives in all four branches: Aromanian shapte, Megleno-Romanian șapti and Istro-Romanian sǫpte.[2][8][9] Its Romance cognates include Dalmatian sapto, Italian sette, Occitan set, Catalan set, French sept, Spanish siete and Portuguese sete.[2][10]

Earliest recorded meaning

The numeral is in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki (c. 1500–1520).[11] MDA2 and the DLR cite the Codicele Voronețean (c. 1563–1583): „prebândim șapte dzile” “we stayed seven days”.[5][4]

Semantic evolution

Besides the number, the word names the figure 7 and serves as an ordinal after a noun: tomul șapte “volume seven”.[3] Romanian builds the higher numerals on it: șaptesprezece “seventeen”, șaptezeci “seventy”, and the ordinal al șaptelea.[6] Many idioms use it: a umbla pe șapte cărări “to be drunk”, a avea cei șapte ani de acasă “to be well brought up”, a mânca cât șapte “to eat a great deal”, a lua cuiva șapte piei “to work someone to death”.[3][6] Derivatives are șeptar, the seven in a card game, înșeptit “sevenfold” and șeptime “a seventh”.[2]

Timeline

  • c. 1500–1520 – șapte in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki.[11]
  • c. 1563–1583 – șapte dzile “seven days” in the Codicele Voronețean.[5][4]
  • 1570 – șapte in Coresi's psalter.[11]
  • 1649 – șapte in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[12]

Meanings

Numeral

  1. seven: the number between six and eight.[3][1]
  2. (as an ordinal, after the noun) seventh: capitolul șapte.[3]

Noun

  1. The figure 7.[3][5]
  2. șapte-degete: marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre).[3]

Word family

  • șeptar
  • înșeptit
  • șeptime
  • șaptezeci
  • șaptesprezece

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. șapte
  3. ^ a b c d e f g DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1085
  4. ^ a b c Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. șapte
  5. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1086
  6. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. șapte
  7. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  8. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net)
  9. ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 282
  10. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 7830
  11. ^ a b c Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro
  12. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro

Related etymologies

  • apă · also from Latin
  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Șapte.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C8%99apte. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·