partid

Forms

partid n (plural partide)^[1] The older form was partit, plural partituri: Heliade wrote of „partituri ce frământă țara” “factions that torment the country”.^[2][3][4]

Etymology

Its source is disputed.^[4][5] MDA2 and the DLR give three sources together: it is borrowed from Italian partito, with Modern Greek παρτίδον (partidon) and French parti named beside it.^[4][2] Tiktin gives the Italian and Greek words, and Scriban takes it from the Greek, which comes from the Italian.^[3][6]

DEX, DN and DILF make it a formation after the model of the French word;^[7][8][9] DN adds that it was shaped after partidă.^[7][8][9] Gáldi found both explanations equally plausible: the French word remade after that noun, or the Greek word, whose plural παρτίδα (partida) would explain the Romanian plural in -e.^[10] Wiktionary derives it from that noun, which comes through Greek from Venetian partida.^[1]

The Italian word is a derivative of partire (“to divide”).^[6] The French word is the noun from partir (“to divide”), from Latin partior (“to divide, share”), a derivative of pars (“part”).^[11][12]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is from 1823.^[3] The DLR's earliest quotation, from 1829, has the old form in partitu austriace “the Austrian party”, a faction.^[2][4]

Semantic evolution

In the first half of the 19th century the word meant a faction or side, a sense the DLR now marks as obsolete: an 1832 text speaks of a great struggle between the partituri in France, and Bălcescu of the partid that wanted to put Mihai on the throne.^[2] By 1858 it named an organised political party, as in partidul unionist, the party of the Union of the Principalities.^[2]

The modern sense is a group of people organised to pursue political aims; the phrase partide istorice names the parties that governed Romania before 1945, and fără de partid was used of people outside the ruling communist party.^[4][7] Partidă kept the other senses of the family, such as a game or a lot of goods.^[10]

Timeline

• 1823 – the first record.^[3]
• 1829 – partitu austriace “the Austrian party”.^[2][4]
• 1832 – the plural partituri, of the factions in France.^[2]
• 1858 – partidul unionist in Dâmbovița.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. A party: a group of people associated to defend common opinions or interests;^[7][1] partid politic a political party, an organisation aiming to win control of government.^[7][1]
2. (obsolete) A faction, side.^[4][2]

Related words

• partidă
• parte
• partizan

Usage notes

Membru de partid is a party member.^[4] Partide istorice are the Liberal and Peasant parties that governed Romania before the communist regime.^[7]

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. partid
3. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. partíd
4. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 276
5. ^ Gáldi, Ladislas (1939), Les mots d'origine néo-grecque en roumain à l'époque des Phanariotes, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, p. 222
6. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 938
7. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 778
8. ^ a b Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. partid
9. ^ a b Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria, p. s.v. partid
10. ^ a b Gáldi, Ladislas (1939), Les mots d'origine néo-grecque en roumain à l'époque des Phanariotes, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda
11. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
12. ^ Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică