îndepărta

Forms

îndepărta (third-person singular present îndepărtează, past participle îndepărtat) 1st conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian în- + depărta, the prefixed form of depărta (“to move away”).^[2][3][1] DELR and Ciorănescu list it in the family of departe (“far”), Ciorănescu as a variant of the simple verb.^[4][5] Tiktin records it as the Moldavian form of the simple verb, which he derives from the adverb as înainta comes from înainte.^[6]

The adverb is formed from Romanian de (“from”) + parte (“part, side”), with the first sense aside or apart, as most dictionaries hold;^[5] Pușcariu instead derived the adverb from the verb, which he took from Vulgar Latin *dēquartō (“to drive out of the quarter”), but DELR thinks this unlikely.^[4][5]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR's first record is a manuscript of 1738–1750 kept in the Romanian Academy library, a copy of Nicolae Costin's chronicle, where the verb already has the senses “to remove, to take away from”.^[4] The simple verb depărta is much older: the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century has it.^[4][7]

Semantic evolution

The verb keeps the senses of depărta and often competes with it: transitively “to put further away, to keep at a distance”, and reflexively “to go away from someone or something”.^[8][2] DELR also records the senses “to dismiss from an office”, “to stray from the subject” and, figuratively, “to grow detached”.^[4] DLRLC adds that such a dismissal is for a serious fault, and NODEX labels this sense popular.^[8][9] MDA2 adds an emotional sense: to grow distant from someone in feeling.^[3]

Timeline

• c. 1500–1520 – the simple verb depărta in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki.^[4][7]
• 1738–1750 – îndepărta in a manuscript copy of Nicolae Costin's chronicle, the first record.^[4]
• 1929 – Șăineanu's dictionary gives it simply as a synonym of depărta.^[10]

Meanings

Verb

1. (transitive) To put or keep at a distance; to remove, to get rid of: A îndepărtat crengile de pe drum.^[2][3][1]
2. (transitive) To dismiss someone from an office or post.^[2][3]
3. (reflexive) To go away from someone or something, to move off.^[2][3][1]
4. (reflexive) To stray or deviate, as from a subject or a rule.^[2][3]
5. (reflexive) To become estranged from someone or something.^[3][1]

Word family

• îndepărtat
• îndepărtare

Related words

• departe
• depărta
• parte

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1, 544
3. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1221
4. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. departe
5. ^ a b c Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. departe
6. ^ Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. depărta
7. ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 645
8. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 617
9. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. îndepărta
10. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 320