Etymologically

încărcătură

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word încărcătură

Confidence
Established
Formation
Derivation
First attested
c. 1710 Antim Ivireanul's sermons More words from the 18th century
Ultimate origin
Latin carrus
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Romanian încărca
Romanian încărcătură

Forms

încărcătură f (plural încărcături)[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian încărca + -ătură.[2][3][4][1] The verb încărca (“to load”) is from Vulgar Latin *incarricō, from carrus (“cart”).[3][1] Ciorănescu lists it among the derivatives of the verb.[5]

A parallel formation is Aromanian ncãrcãturã “a beast's load, a burden; a mission”, made on its own verb.[6][1] Ungureanu compares Venetian cargadura.[7]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is from about 1710, in Antim Ivireanul's sermons, in a figurative sense: the preacher asks a creditor why he takes so heavy a încărcătură, meaning crushing interest.[4]

Semantic evolution

A document of 1803 uses the plural încărcături for surcharges added to a tax.[4] The concrete sense is what is loaded on a cart, a ship or a beast: Barițiu's Hungarian–Romanian dictionary of 1869 gives the word for rakomány “load”.[8][4] Firearms gave the sense “charge”, the powder and shot put into a gun, and mining the charge of explosive in a borehole.[9][10][2] Technical language added the materials fed into a furnace and the capacity of a ship.[2][3] In Moldova it is also a regional word for a battery for a torch.[11]

Timeline

  • c. 1710 – încărcătură in Antim Ivireanul's sermons, the first record.[4]
  • 1803 – încărcături “surcharges on a tax” in a document.[4]
  • 1869 – Barițiu gives it as the Romanian for Hungarian rakomány.[8]

Meanings

Noun

  1. The act of loading; loading.[2][3]
  2. A load, cargo: what a vehicle, a ship or an animal carries.[2][3][1]
  3. The charge of a firearm: the explosive and the projectile put into it; the explosive placed in a borehole.[2][3]
  4. The raw materials put into a vessel or a furnace for a manufacturing process.[2][3]
  5. The loading capacity of a ship, its tonnage.[2][3]
  6. (physics) An electric charge.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 538
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1204
  4. ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. încărcătúră
  5. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. încărca
  6. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 737
  7. ^ Ungureanu, Dan (2024), Istoria limbii române, Chișinău: Cartier, p. 335
  8. ^ a b Barițiu, George (1869), Dictionariu unguresc-romanescu, Brașov, p. 460
  9. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 679
  10. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. încărcătură
  11. ^ Stati, Vasile (2003), Dicționar moldovenesc-românesc, Chișinău, p. 146

Related etymologies

  • apă · also from Latin
  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Încărcătură.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C3%AEnc%C4%83rc%C4%83tur%C4%83. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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