Etymology and origin of the Romanian word încărcătură
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Derivation
- First attested
- c. 1710 Antim Ivireanul's sermons More words from the 18th century
- Ultimate origin
- Latin carrus
Forms
încărcătură f (plural încărcături)[1]
Etymology
It is formed from Romanian încărca + -ătură.[2][3][4][1] The verb încărca (“to load”) is from Vulgar Latin *incarricō, from carrus (“cart”).[3][1] Ciorănescu lists it among the derivatives of the verb.[5]
A parallel formation is Aromanian ncãrcãturã “a beast's load, a burden; a mission”, made on its own verb.[6][1] Ungureanu compares Venetian cargadura.[7]
Earliest recorded meaning
Tiktin's first record is from about 1710, in Antim Ivireanul's sermons, in a figurative sense: the preacher asks a creditor why he takes so heavy a încărcătură, meaning crushing interest.[4]
Semantic evolution
A document of 1803 uses the plural încărcături for surcharges added to a tax.[4] The concrete sense is what is loaded on a cart, a ship or a beast: Barițiu's Hungarian–Romanian dictionary of 1869 gives the word for rakomány “load”.[8][4] Firearms gave the sense “charge”, the powder and shot put into a gun, and mining the charge of explosive in a borehole.[9][10][2] Technical language added the materials fed into a furnace and the capacity of a ship.[2][3] In Moldova it is also a regional word for a battery for a torch.[11]
Timeline
- c. 1710 – încărcătură in Antim Ivireanul's sermons, the first record.[4]
- 1803 – încărcături “surcharges on a tax” in a document.[4]
- 1869 – Barițiu gives it as the Romanian for Hungarian rakomány.[8]
Meanings
Noun
- The act of loading; loading.[2][3]
- A load, cargo: what a vehicle, a ship or an animal carries.[2][3][1]
- The charge of a firearm: the explosive and the projectile put into it; the explosive placed in a borehole.[2][3]
- The raw materials put into a vessel or a furnace for a manufacturing process.[2][3]
- The loading capacity of a ship, its tonnage.[2][3]
- (physics) An electric charge.[1]
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 538
- ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1204
- ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. încărcătúră
- ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. încărca
- ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 737
- ^ Ungureanu, Dan (2024), Istoria limbii române, Chișinău: Cartier, p. 335
- ^ a b Barițiu, George (1869), Dictionariu unguresc-romanescu, Brașov, p. 460
- ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 679
- ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. încărcătură
- ^ Stati, Vasile (2003), Dicționar moldovenesc-românesc, Chișinău, p. 146
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Încărcătură.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C3%AEnc%C4%83rc%C4%83tur%C4%83. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
Last edited on . ·