Etymology and origin of the Romanian word încăpea
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1561 Coresi's Tetraevanghel More words from the 16th century
- Inherited from
- Latin *incapio
- Ultimate origin
- Latin capiō
Pronunciation
- /ɨn.kəˈpe̯a/[1]
Forms
încăpea (present încap, third person încape, subjunctive să încapă, past participle încăput), second conjugation[1] Mehedinți, Banat and Transylvania have închepea.[2][3]
Etymology
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *incapiō,[3][4][1] a compound of in- (“in”) and capiō (“to take; to hold, contain”).[5][6] Its infinitive in ⟨-ea⟩ points to a Latin infinitive in ⟨-ēre⟩ in place of the classical ⟨capere⟩.[5][1] The DA explains the prefix by attraction from Latin constructions of the type ⟨capit in⟩ “it fits in”, and Wiktionary allows that it was added in early Romanian.[6][1] The Latin verb comes from Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“to seize, grab”).[1]
The word survives south of the Danube: Aromanian ncap and Megleno-Romanian ncap.[5][7][8] The Romance cognates share the sense “to have room”: old Italian capere, Occitan caber, Catalan cabre, Spanish caber and Portuguese caber.[5][9][2]
Earliest recorded meaning
Tiktin dates the first record to Coresi's Tetraevanghel of 1561, in Mark 2:2, where so many gathered that there was no room for them.[10] Coresi's Evanghelie cu învățătură (1581) says that the way cannot hold the rich man because it is so narrow: „Calea... nu poate să încapă pre bogatul pentru strâmtura ei”.[6][3]
Semantic evolution
The verb was used both transitively, “to hold, contain”, and intransitively, “to fit, have room”.[6][4] The Bucharest Bible of 1688 says of Abraham and Lot that the land could not hold them, „nu-i încăpea pământul”.[10][11] Figuratively it meant “to grasp with the mind”: Varlaam speaks of words that our mind cannot hold, and a încăpea cu mintea is “to understand”.[6][3] Miron Costin says of an ambitious man that Moldavia could not hold him.[10] Old and colloquial nu mă încape vremea meant “I have no time”.[10][3]
Other old senses were “to end up, find oneself” and “to come to power”;[1][4] a încăpea pe mâna cuiva “to fall into someone's hands” is still used.[1][4] In the negative it means “not to get on with, not to put up with someone”.[4][1] The derivative încăpere moved from “capacity” to “room, chamber”, and încăpător means “roomy”.[5]
Timeline
- 1561 – the first record, in Coresi's Tetraevanghel (Mark 2:2).[10]
- 1581 – să încapă in Coresi's Evanghelie cu învățătură.[6][3]
- 1660 – încape, încăpea and other forms glossing Slavonic forms of въмѣстити in a Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[12]
- 1688 – nu-i încăpea pământul in the Bucharest Bible (Genesis 13:6).[11][10]
Meanings
Verb
- (intransitive) To fit, to have enough room in a space: Nu încăpem toți în lift.[4][3][1]
- (transitive) To hold, to have room for: Sala încape trei sute de oameni.[4][3]
- (colloquial, negative, with de) To be bothered by someone's presence, not to put up with someone or something.[4]
- To pass or get through somewhere.[4]
- a încăpea pe mâna (or pe mâinile) cuiva: to fall into someone's hands or power.[4][3]
Word family
- încăpere
- încăpător
- neîncăpător
Related words
Usage notes
Common idioms are a nu-și mai încăpea în piele “to be bursting with joy, pride or fat” and nu (mai) încape vorbă (or îndoială) “there is no doubt”.[4][3]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1204
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 538
- ^ a b c d e Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. încăpea
- ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. încăpea
- ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 735
- ^ Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 124
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 1625
- ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. încăpea
- ^ a b Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Gen 13:6
- ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. încape
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Încăpea.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C3%AEnc%C4%83pea. Accessed 11 Nov. 2026.
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