Romanian words first recorded in the 15th century

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *ceresius (“cherry tree”), a form of Late Latin cerasius beside Latin cerasus (“cherry tree”). DELR writes the etymon cereseus and cites Cihac, Candrea–Densusianu…

It is inherited from Latin niger (“black, dark”), from its accusative nigrum. De Vaan considers the origin of the Latin word unknown. The word survives in all four branches of Romanian: Aromanian…

Its origin is disputed. DEX and MDA2 call it of unknown origin. Ciorănescu and Tiktin take it as inherited, inherited from Late Latin medietās (“half, middle”), through a form with the consonants…

It is most often explained as inherited from Vulgar Latin *volet (“he wants”), a popular form used instead of the classical vult, from volō (“to want, wish”). Tiktin and Scriban explain the sounds…

Most sources take it as inherited from Vulgar Latin *cavula (“little hollow”), a diminutive of Latin cavus (“hollow”). Candrea and Densusianu note that the change of /k/ to /ɡ/, found in other…

It is inherited from Latin scortea (“a leather garment”), the feminine of scorteus (“made of skin or leather”), from scortum (“skin, hide”). Ciorănescu, after Diez, Densusianu, Pușcariu and the REW…

It is inherited from Latin oricla (“ear”), the popular form of auricula (“external ear”). Pușcariu notes that the form is recorded as early as Cicero and that the diminutive replaced auris (“ear”)…

It is inherited from Latin petra (“stone, rock”). Latin took it late from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “rock”), whose further origin is unknown. It survives south of the Danube: Aromanian k'atră and…

It is inherited from Latin iūdex (“judge”). The singular continues the Latin nominative, while the old plural ⟨judeci⟩ continues iūdicēs, as in cap with its plural ⟨capete⟩; a singular ⟨judec⟩ was…

It is inherited from Late Latin petiolus (“little foot; stalk of a fruit”). The Latin word is a diminutive of pēs (“foot”). Wiktionary and Pușcariu start from *pediciolus, a diminutive of pedīculus…

It is inherited from Latin fōrmōsus (“shapely, beautiful”), from forma (“form, shape”). Its Romance cognates include Italian formoso, Occitan formos, Spanish hermoso and Portuguese formoso…

It is inherited from Latin platanus (“plane tree”), which is from Ancient Greek πλάτανος (plátanos). Ciorănescu supposes a variant Vulgar Latin *plătinus with metathesis of /l/, which Wiktionary…

1. The origin of the word for money and coin is disputed, and DEX calls it unknown. DELR and Tiktin think it most likely the title of homograph 2, applied to the coins struck in the 13th century by…

Its origin is disputed, and DEX and MDA2 call it unknown. Ciorănescu takes it as inherited from Latin caerula (“the blue of the sea, the sea”), with the variant geroe from caerulea. The regular…

It is inherited from Latin vadum (“shallow place, ford”). Its Romance cognates include Italian vado, Spanish vado, Portuguese vao and French gué, and Albanian va. According to the REW, the French…

It is inherited from Latin bibō (“to drink”), a verb inherited by all the Romance languages. The Latin verb comes from Proto-Indo-European *píph₃eti (“drinks”), with its first ⟨p⟩ assimilated to the…

It is inherited from Latin martyr (“witness; martyr”), or its Vulgar Latin form martur, which the Latin inscriptions show. Latin had the word from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), a later form of…

It is inherited from Latin secāle (“rye”). The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian sicarã, Megleno-Romanian sicară and Istro-Romanian secǫrę. Ciorănescu compares Venetian segala, Italian…

It is inherited from Latin porcus (“pig”), a word found throughout Romance. Latin had it from Proto-Indo-European *pórḱos (“young pig”), perhaps originally “digger”; related words are Lithuanian…

It is inherited from Latin siccus (“dry”), a word kept across the Romance languages. Pușcariu (no. 1569) and the REW (no. 7897) list it among the inherited words. Wiktionary traces the Latin…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *canapa, the spoken form of Latin cannabis (“hemp”). DELR writes it without a star, as an attested Latin canapa. Ciorănescu notes that Italian canapa confirms the…

It is formed from Romanian rupt + -ură, from the participle of rupe “to break, tear”. Ciorănescu, Scriban and Wiktionary allow that it may continue Latin ruptūra (“fracture”) directly. Pușcariu took…

Ciorănescu, DELR and Wiktionary take it as inherited from Latin carbōnārius (“charcoal burner”), following Pușcariu, Candrea and Densusianu, the REW and the DA. The Latin noun is formed on carbō…

It is inherited from Latin lūmina, the plural of lūmen (“light”), taken as a feminine singular. The stress moved from the first syllable to the second; Ciorănescu suggests a confusion with the…

It is probably inherited from Vulgar Latin *mutila, a form of Latin mutulus (“corbel, rafter-head”). Tiktin derives it straight from the Latin noun, and the REW gives the Latin word the further…

It is inherited from Latin ille (“that”), in its accusative forms illum and illam, used as an article standing before the noun. Ciorănescu traces it through the stage of the pronoun el, ea, which…

It is inherited from Latin balteātus (“girded, belted”), with an early transferred sense of coloured bands or stripes. This is the view of Densusianu, Candrea and Densusianu, the DA and DEX, and…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *buccata (“mouthful”), a derivative of Latin bucca (“cheek; mouth”). DELR and the DA take its first sense to have been a bite of food, the same development as in…

It is inherited from Latin capra (“she-goat”), the feminine of caper (“he-goat”). The Latin word is found throughout the Romance languages, and DÉRom reconstructs it for Proto-Romance. The Latin…

It is inherited from Latin caprīna, the feminine of caprīnus (“of goats”). DELR compares the Italian, Old French and Occitan continuations of the Latin word. The REW lists Italian caprina “goat…

It is inherited from Latin cornūtus (“horned”), an adjective formed on cornū (“horn”). It survives south of the Danube as Aromanian curnut. The Romance cognates include Italian cornuto, French…

It is inherited from Latin nepōs (“grandson; nephew; descendant”), continued in its accusative nepōtem. Tiktin derives it more exactly from a Vulgar Latin *nepōtus, split off from the Latin noun…

It is inherited from Latin fundus (“bottom; landed estate”). De Vaan explains the Latin word as a metathesis of Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰ-n-ó- (“bottom”), and compares Ancient Greek πυθμήν…

It is inherited from Latin largus (“abundant, generous; spacious”). The Latin word meant above all “abundant, generous”; according to the DHLF it took over the physical sense of latus (“broad”) in…

It is inherited from Latin metaxa (“raw silk, thread”), also spelled mataxa. Latin took it from Ancient Greek μέταξα (métaxa, “raw silk”), a word of unknown origin; the spelling with ⟨a⟩, “rough…

The word for the elder is inherited from Latin sabūcus (“elder tree”), the old form without the nasal, for sambūcus. The origin of the Latin word is unknown. Pușcariu found the sound development…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *strambus (“crooked”), the popular form of Latin strabus (“squinting”). The Latin word was borrowed from Ancient Greek στραβός (strabós, “squinting”). Ciorănescu…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *strinctus (“narrow, tight”), a form of Latin strictus with the ⟨n⟩ of the present stem stringō (“to tighten, bind”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian…

It is inherited from Latin vallis (“valley”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian vale, Megleno-Romanian vali and Istro-Romanian vǫle. Its Romance cognates include Italian valle, Spanish…

It is inherited from Latin carbo (“charcoal”), from the accusative carbōnem. The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian cãrbuni, Megleno-Romanian cărbuni and Istro-Romanian cârbur. Its…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *ploppus, a popular form of Latin pōpulus (“poplar”) with the /l/ moved forward (metathesis). Tiktin sets out the steps as *poplu and then *plopu. MDA2 gives the…

It is inherited from Latin amārus (“bitter”). The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian amar, Megleno-Romanian (an)mar and Istro-Romanian amår. Its Romance cognates include Dalmatian amuár…

It is a borrowing from Greek, though the sources disagree on the exact donor. Ciorănescu's source is borrowed from Modern Greek κάμαρα (kámara, “room”), which itself comes from Latin camara, and he…

It is inherited from Latin iūdicium (“legal proceedings, trial; judgment”), which Latin formed on iūdex (“judge”). The DLR notes that the Latin word meant “judge” and “place of judgment” as well as…

It is borrowed from Hungarian város (“town, city”). Miklosich and Cihac gave this etymology. Tamás lists the later literature. The Hungarian word is a derivative of vár (“castle, fortress”) with the…

It is inherited from Latin dulcem (“sweet”). Wiktionary allows for some reinforcement by Italian dolce. The Latin word is akin to Ancient Greek γλυκύς (glukús, “sweet”), and de Vaan thinks both may…

It is inherited from Latin lingua (“tongue, language”). The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian limbã, Megleno-Romanian limbă and Istro-Romanian limbę. Its Romance cognates include Italian…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *mita, a form of Latin amita (“father's sister, aunt”) that lost its first syllable, extended in Romanian with the diminutive suffix -ușă, as in auș. DEX, MDA2 and…

It is inherited from Latin fētus (“offspring, young”). It survives in Aromanian fet and Istro-Romanian fet. Ciorănescu compares Sardinian fedu and Occitan fedoun “lamb”. The feminine fată “girl” and…

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic попъ (popŭ, “priest”), a word of the Slavonic church. MDA2 also names the Slavonic form попа (popa). Ciorănescu, following Miklosich and Cihac, traces the…

It is inherited from Latin barba (“beard”), a word common to the Romance languages. The Latin word goes back to Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰeh₂ (“beard”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian…

1. The word for the horn is inherited from Latin cornū (“horn”), from *ḱrn-o-, and cognate with the English word horn. It survives in all four branches: Aromanian cornu, Megleno-Romanian corn and…

It is inherited from Latin graecus (“Greek”). The Latin word is from Ancient Greek Γραικός (Graikós). In Greek the old ethnic name became, under Ottoman rule, a common name for the Greeks. The word…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *peducellus, a diminutive formed in place of peduculus (“louse”). Wiktionary gives a second view: a variant of pedicellus (“small louse”) shaped by that word, which…

It is formed from Romanian poartă + -ar. Ciorănescu says it could also continue inherited from Late Latin portārius (“doorkeeper”) directly, as Pușcariu and the REW hold. Cihac and Șăineanu gave the…

It is inherited from Latin prūnus (“plum tree”). Ciorănescu also cites Candrea–Densusianu and the REW for this etymology. The Latin word is from Ancient Greek προύνη (proúnē), itself a loan from a…

It is inherited from Latin subtus (“below, underneath”), a Latin adverb that later also served as a preposition. The Latin word was formed on sub (“under”) with the ending of intus (“within”). Older…

It is from Romanian alege (“to choose”), the verb's past participle used as an adjective and noun. alege continues Latin allegō (“to choose”), a variant of ēligō.

It is inherited from Latin carpinus (“hornbeam”), with a short /i/, as Tiktin notes. The Latin word is shared by the Romance languages: Italian carpino and carpine, French charme, Spanish carpe and…

It is inherited from Latin cūlus (“backside, anus”). Intervocalic /l/ became /r/, as the authors of the Lexicon de la Buda already noted. The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian cur…