Portuguese words first recorded in the 14th century

It is inherited from Latin fundō (“to pour, melt”). The oldest texts have Old Galician-Portuguese fonder beside Old Galician-Portuguese fundir. Nascentes calls it semi-learned. The same Latin verb…

It is inherited from Latin ganniō (“to yelp, whimper”), a verb used of dogs and foxes and, of people, for grumbling or whispering. The same Latin verb is Galician ganir, Spanish gañir, Catalan…

It is borrowed from Latin gelū (“frost, ice”), first recorded in the 14th century. It took the place of the inherited Old Galician-Portuguese geo, which is found in the 13th century. Corominas takes…

It is inherited from Latin gustus (“taste, tasting”), written Old Galician-Portuguese gosto in the oldest texts. Houaiss notes that the Latin noun also meant a small portion taken to taste. The same…

It is inherited from Latin gubernātor (“helmsman, pilot”), written Old Galician-Portuguese governador in the oldest texts. The Latin noun was formed from gubernō (“to steer a ship”) with the agent…

Houaiss forms it from Portuguese gozo + -ar, and notes that Machado and Nascentes allow for the influence of Spanish gozar. Nascentes and Aurélio take the verb straight from Spanish, and Wiktionary…

1. The verb for “to burden, encumber” is a learned borrowing, borrowed from Latin gravō (“to weigh down, burden, aggravate”), according to Houaiss, Nascentes and Wiktionary. Houaiss dates it to the…

The word for the bird is inherited from Latin grus (“crane”), which was feminine and only rarely masculine in Latin. The ending is explained by a Latin form *gruus for the accusative of the Latin…

It is inherited from Latin grunniō (“to grunt (of a pig)”), written Old Galician-Portuguese grunir in the 14th century. Wiktionary gives the old form as Old Galician-Portuguese grunnir. The palatal…

It is borrowed from Arabic قيثارة (qīṯāra), which comes from Ancient Greek κιθάρα (kithára, “lyre”). Corriente and his co-authors place a Syriac form between the Arabic and the Greek. Wiktionary…

It is borrowed from French harpe, from Late Latin harpa, which is of Germanic origin. Houaiss adds that the word entered Late Latin through soldiers of Germanic origin. Wiktionary has it instead…

It is borrowed from Latin imāginor (“to picture to oneself, imagine”), a learned word. Cunha, Nascentes, the DLP and Aurélio give the active form imāginō, which Houaiss finds in Aulus Gellius in the…

It is borrowed from Latin incitō (“to set in rapid motion; to rouse, urge on”), a learned word. The Latin verb is in- and citō (“to set in motion”), the frequentative of cieō (“to move, stir up”)…

It is borrowed from Latin inspīrō (“to blow into; to breathe; to inspire”), a learned word, recorded as Old Galician-Portuguese insperar in the 14th century. Medieval Latin used the verb in the…

It is inherited from Latin invidiōsus (“envious; arousing envy”), written Old Galician-Portuguese enveioso in the oldest texts. The Latin adjective is formed on invidia (“envy”) with the suffix…

Cunha, Aurélio and Porto Editora take it inherited from Latin hībernō (“to spend the winter”), Aurélio adding that it came down by the popular route. Houaiss instead analyses it as a Portuguese…

It is inherited from Latin ēsca (“food; bait”), written Old Galician-Portuguese ysca in the 14th century. Its initial ⟨i⟩ is a difficulty, which the sources explain in different ways. Nascentes…

It is inherited from Latin iugum (“yoke”), written Old Galician-Portuguese jugo in the oldest texts. Wiktionary attributes the preservation of the /u/ to metaphony. The same Latin word is Galician…

It is formed from Portuguese julgar + -mento, and first recorded in the 14th century. Wiktionary also traces it to Late Latin iūdicāmentum, a noun formed from iūdicō (“to judge”) and used in…

It is from Portuguese junto (“joined, together”): the feminine of the adjective, used as a noun, as Houaiss, Nascentes and Aurélio explain. Wiktionary takes it from Old Galician-Portuguese junta…

It is inherited from Latin lambō (“to lick”), written Old Galician-Portuguese lãber and Old Galician-Portuguese lamber in the 14th century. Corominas notes that in Romance the Latin verb lives on…

It is borrowed from Late Latin lāmentō (“to lament”), a learned word. The Late Latin active verb is a collateral form, used in the Vulgate, of classical lāmentor, which is formed from lāmentum…

Its origin is uncertain. Houaiss calls it controversial and probably pre-Celtic, from a word lappa (“stone”). Cunha and Porto Editora take it inherited from Vulgar Latin lapa (“stone”), a word of…

It is inherited from Late Latin blastēmō, an altered form of blasphēmō (“to revile, blaspheme”), which is from Ancient Greek βλασφημέω (blasphēméō, “to speak profanely, slander”). Corominas explains…

It is inherited from Latin lenticula (“lentil”), a diminutive of lēns (“lentil”). Wiktionary passes through the shortened form Vulgar Latin *lenticla, in which the group -cl- became ⟨lh⟩; Nascentes…

It is inherited from Latin lectio (“a choosing; a reading”), written Old Galician-Portuguese liçon and Old Galician-Portuguese liçõ in the 14th century. The Latin noun meant the act of choosing and…

It is inherited from Latin līmus (“mud, slime”). Houaiss dates the Portuguese word to the 14th century from Cunha's medieval slips. The same Latin word is Galician limo, Spanish limo, Asturian…

Houaiss takes it as borrowed from Italian lista, which meant “a long narrow strip of paper or cloth” from about 1300–1313 and “a sheet listing names” from 1327. Wiktionary gives the same chain…

It is inherited from Latin lumbrīcus (“earthworm; intestinal worm”), written Old Galician-Portuguese lombriga in the oldest texts, with a change from masculine to feminine. Michaelis and DELPo start…

It is inherited from Latin luctātor (“wrestler”), first written Old Galician-Portuguese luitador and luytador. Nascentes calls the word semi-learned. Wiktionary notes that in today's language it can…

1. The word for a great light is inherited from Latin lucerna (“oil lamp”). Cunha dates it to the 14th century. The Latin noun is formed from lūceō (“to shine”), with the ending also seen in…

It is inherited from Late Latin mātrīna (“godmother”), a diminutive of māter (“mother”). Houaiss and Aurélio mark the Latin word as a reconstructed popular form, while Wiktionary notes that it is…

It is inherited from Latin maculō (“to stain, spot; to dishonour”): Houaiss calls it a semi-learned form, and Cunha and Aurélio a popular one. Wiktionary allows also that it was formed on the noun…

It is inherited from Latin malleus (“hammer, mallet”), through the popular spoken language. Nascentes compares Spanish mallo. The same Latin word is Galician mallo, Catalan mall, Old Occitan malh…

It is inherited from Latin mamma (“breast, udder; mother”), already written Old Galician-Portuguese mama in the oldest texts. Houaiss notes that the Latin word meant the breast of men, women and…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *mancla, from Latin macula (“spot, stain”). The unstressed vowel of the Latin word was lost, and the resulting cluster /kl/ became /ʃ/, written ⟨ch⟩, as in other…

Its origin is disputed. Houaiss reports Cunha's derivation: borrowed from Late Latin marca (“boundary, frontier”), from a Germanic word for “limit, frontier” connected with Latin margō (“edge…

It is inherited from Late Latin martellus (“hammer”), written Old Galician-Portuguese martelo in the oldest texts. Houaiss and Cunha take the Late Latin word for a variant of martulus, itself an…

It is inherited from Latin masticō (“to chew”). Nascentes and Wiktionary call it a semi-learned word and set it beside mascar, the popular outcome of the same Latin verb. The REW lists only the…

It is borrowed from Latin māteria (“timber; the stuff of which something is made”), a learned word; the inherited outcome of the same Latin noun is madeira “wood”. The Latin noun is formed from…

It is inherited from Late Latin mēlō (“melon”), recorded in the plural ⟨melões⟩ in the 14th century. The Latin word is a shortening of Latin mēlopepō (“a kind of melon”), attested from the late 4th…

It is inherited from Late Latin mixticius (“born of mixed race”), from mixtus (“mixed”), the past participle of misceō (“to mix”). Wiktionary analyses the Late Latin word as the participle with the…

It is borrowed from Latin modus (“measure; limit; manner”), a learned word. Houaiss dates it to the 14th century and Cunha to the 15th. García de Diego calls it a learned word in both Castilian and…

It is borrowed from Latin mōrālis (“relating to customs or conduct, moral”). Houaiss sees a probable influence of French morale on the philosophical term, and Cunha derives the feminine noun “body…

It is formed from Portuguese mover + -mento, probably modelled on French mouvement, according to Houaiss. Wiktionary analyses it as mover with -imento, perhaps partly based on Medieval Latin…

It is borrowed from Latin mūsica (“music”), from Ancient Greek μουσική (mousikḗ), short for “the art of the Muses”, from μουσικός (mousikós, “of the Muses; musical”), from Μοῦσα (Moûsa, “Muse”)…

It is borrowed from Latin nātiō (“birth; race, people”), by a semi-learned route, written Old Galician-Portuguese naçon in the oldest texts. The same Latin word is Spanish nación, Galician nazon and…

It is borrowed from Catalan nau (“ship”), from Latin nāvis (“ship”). Houaiss dates the Catalan word to the 13th century. Aurélio and the Porto dictionary also give Latin as the ultimate source with…

It is inherited from Latin nāvigō (“to sail”), a semi-learned word in Nascentes's view. The Latin verb is formed from nāvis (“ship”) and the root of agō (“to drive”). The same Latin verb is Galician…

It is inherited from Latin nebula (“mist, fog”), written Old Galician-Portuguese nevoa and Old Galician-Portuguese neuoa in the oldest texts. The same Latin word is Galician néboa, Spanish niebla…

It is inherited from Latin nīdus (“nest”). The Latin /d/ between vowels was lost, giving Old Galician-Portuguese *nio; the /i/ then became nasal and the nasal resonance turned into the palatal /ɲ/…

It is inherited from Latin nōdus (“knot”), written Old Galician-Portuguese noo in the 14th century; the modern form is recorded from the 15th, and Houaiss's first record is the plural Old…

It is borrowed from Latin occupō (“to seize, take possession of”), by a semi-learned route, as Nascentes says. The Latin verb is formed from ob- and the root of capiō (“to take, seize”); its…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin odium (“hatred, aversion”). The Spanish word odio is learned too, while the inherited outcome survives as Old Catalan oi (“hatred”). The Latin noun is…

It is borrowed from Latin offendō (“to strike against; to offend”). Houaiss dates it to the 14th century from Cunha's medieval index, while Cunha's own dictionary puts the first record in the 16th…

According to Houaiss, Cunha and the DLP it is inherited from Vulgar Latin *oblītō (“to forget”), formed on oblītus, the past participle of oblīvīscor (“to forget”). Cunha gives the older Old…

It is borrowed from Latin opīniō (“opinion, belief, supposition”), written Old Galician-Portuguese opynion in the oldest texts. Nascentes calls it semi-learned. The Latin noun is formed from opīnor…

It is borrowed from Latin patiens (“enduring, patient”), the present participle of patior (“to undergo, suffer, endure”). Wiktionary calls it a learned borrowing and Nascentes a semi-learned one…

It is borrowed from Latin participō (“to share, to take part”), first recorded in the 14th century. Nascentes counts it among the learned words. The same Latin verb was taken by Spanish participar…

In the view of Houaiss and Nascentes it is inherited from Latin parvulus (“very small, tiny”), with the loss of intervocalic /l/ giving the old Old Galician-Portuguese paruoo, whose /oo/ then merged…