movimento

Forms

movimento m (plural movimentos)^[1] Medieval texts write movimento, moujmento, moymento, movemento and mouementos, and the 15th century movimementos.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is formed from Portuguese mover + -mento, probably modelled on French mouvement, according to Houaiss.^[2] Wiktionary analyses it as mover with -imento, perhaps partly based on Medieval Latin mōvimentum, and Aurélio compares the Spanish and French words.^[1][4] Nascentes describes it as the root of the Latin verb with a linking vowel and the suffix -mento.^[5] Silva Bastos and Michaelis derive it from the Medieval Latin noun, which Wiktionary calls a doublet of mōmentum.^[6][7][1]

The verb is from Latin moveō (“to move”), which de Vaan traces to *m(i̯)euh₁- (“to move”).^[2][8][1] The same formation gave Galician movemento, Spanish movimiento, Catalan moviment and Italian movimento; the Spanish word is recorded from about 1250.^[1][9]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss and Cunha date the noun to the 14th century.^[2][10] Lorenzo quotes the chronicle of 1344, os movimentos das planetas “the movements of the planets” and o movymento e corrimento das chuyvas “the movement and flow of the rains”; the Miragres de Santiago have moy grã movemento de rroydo “a great stir of noise”, and the Crónica Troiana moy grandes mouementos “very great commotions”.^[3] From the start the word meant both physical motion and commotion.^[3]

Semantic evolution

Barbosa (1611) renders it with Latin motus, motio, commotio and mobilitas, and records movimento do animo for an emotion.^[11] Bluteau defines it as change of place by one's own or another's impulse, and reports the physicians' account of how animals move through brain, nerve and muscle.^[12] Vieira adds agitation of the mind, the first stirring of a passion, and political unrest.^[13] By 1912 Silva Bastos lists social transformation and the bustle of people moving in all directions.^[6]

Modern Portuguese uses it for an organised group seeking political or social change and for a current in art or thought, and music uses it for a section of a composition.^[2] It also means the traffic of a street or shop, and a financial transaction.^[2][1]

Timeline

• 14th century – first records.^[2][10]
• 1344 – the chronicle of 1344 speaks of the movements of the planets.^[3]
• 15th century – the spelling movimementos.^[2]
• 1611 – Barbosa records movimento do animo.^[11]
• 1644 – the word in a private letter.^[14]
• 1712–1728 – Bluteau defines it as change of place.^[12]
• 1912 – Silva Bastos records the sense “social transformation”.^[6]

Meanings

Noun

1. movement, motion: the act of moving; change of place or position: Fez um movimento brusco com o braço.^[2][4][1]
2. The coming and going of people or vehicles; bustle, traffic: A rua tem pouco movimento ao domingo.^[2][4][1]
3. A characteristic way of moving.^[2]
4. Joint action by a group with a common aim; an organisation seeking political or social change; a trend in art or thought: o movimento sindical.^[2][1]
5. (music) A self-contained section of a composition; also andamento, tempo.^[2]
6. (astronomy) The course of the heavenly bodies.^[2][15]
7. (military) A movement of troops or ships as part of a manoeuvre.^[2]
8. (finance) A financial transaction.^[1]
9. (physics) Change in the position of a body over time, relative to a frame of reference.^[2][16]

Word family

• movimentar
• movimentação
• movimentado
• movimentador
• movimentismo

Related words

• moção
• mover
• momento
• Latin moveō

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. movimento
3. ^ a b c d Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. movimento
4. ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. movimento
5. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. movimento
6. ^ a b c Silva Bastos, José Timóteo da (1912), Diccionario etymologico, prosodico e orthographico da lingua portugueza, Lisboa: Parceria António Maria Pereira, p. s.v. movimento
7. ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. movimento
8. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill, p. s.v. moveō
9. ^ Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 4, 169
10. ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. movimento
11. ^ a b Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. movimento
12. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. movimento
13. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 4, 341
14. ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. movimento
15. ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. movimento
16. ^ Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. movimento