magoar

Forms

magoar (first-person singular present magoo, first-person singular preterite magoei, past participle magoado)^[1] Houaiss records magoasse in the 14th century.^[2] Vieira (1871–1874) also gives maguar.^[3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin maculō (“to stain, spot; to dishonour”): Houaiss calls it a semi-learned form, and Cunha and Aurélio a popular one.^[2][4][5][6] Wiktionary allows also that it was formed on the noun mágoa “grief”.^[1] The Latin verb is formed on macula (“spot, stain”).^[7][1]

It is thus a doublet of manchar “to stain”, the inherited form, and of the learned macular.^[2][1] Of the Latin verb the REW cites Italian macchiare and Spanish manchar;^[8][9] García de Diego adds Galician magoar (“to bruise”) and Spanish magullar (“to bruise”).^[8][9] Wiktionary explains that the noun for “grief” kept the Latin -u- of the middle syllable, which malha and mancha lost early.^[10]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss dates the verb to the 14th century, after Cunha's slips of medieval Portuguese, with the form magoasse;^[2][4] Cunha gives the 15th century.^[2][4] The CTA finds it in the Horto do Esposo of about 1430.^[11]

Semantic evolution

Morais (1813) gives the physical sense first, making a mark or bruise that hurts.^[12] Cardoso (1569) renders it as inurere dolorem “to inflict pain”, and Pereira (1697) by Latin laedo and offendo.^[13][14] Morais also has magoar a honra, to stain someone's honour, close to the Latin sense, and the reflexive magoar-se “to grieve”.^[12]

Today the dictionaries list the bodily hurt first, then the grief and offence.^[2][15]

Timeline

• 14th century – first record, in the form magoasse.^[2]
• c. 1430 – magoar in the Horto do Esposo.^[11]
• 1569 – Cardoso renders it inurere dolorem.^[13]
• 1697 – Pereira renders it by laedo and offendo.^[14]
• 1813 – Morais gives the bruise, the grief and magoar a honra.^[12]
• 1871 – Vieira records the variant maguar.^[3]

Meanings

Verb

1. To hurt physically, bruise: A bota nova magoou-lhe o calcanhar.^[2][15][16]
2. (reflexive) To hurt oneself: Magoou-se a descer a escada.^[2][5]
3. To leave a mark by pressure or a blow.^[15][16]
4. To grieve, sadden: A partida do filho magoou-a muito.^[2][1]
5. To offend, wound someone's pride: As críticas magoaram o autor.^[5][15]
6. (reflexive) To feel hurt, take offence.^[2][16]

Word family

• magoado

Related words

• mágoa
• manchar
• macular
• mácula
• Latin maculō

Usage notes

The present forms magoas and magoa are stressed on a closed /ô/, unlike the noun mágoa.^[5]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. magoar
3. ^ a b Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 4, 30
4. ^ a b c Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. magoar
5. ^ a b c d Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. magoar
6. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. magoar
7. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. maculō
8. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 5213
9. ^ a b García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. maculare
10. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. mágoa
11. ^ a b Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. magoar
12. ^ a b c Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 2, 248
13. ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. magoar
14. ^ a b Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. magoar
15. ^ a b c d Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. magoar
16. ^ a b c Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. magoar