repor

Forms

repor (first-person singular present reponho, first-person singular preterite repus, past participle reposto)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin repōnō (“to put back, replace; to restore”), according to Houaiss, Cunha and Wiktionary.^[2][3][1] Nascentes and Aurélio prefer a formation from Portuguese re- + pôr, unless it comes from the Latin verb through an older *repoer;^[4][5][6][7] Michaelis and Vieira give only the Portuguese formation.^[4][5][6][7]

The same Latin verb is Spanish reponer, Galician repor and Italian riporre.^[8][1]

The Latin verb is formed from re- and pōnō (“to put, place”).^[9][1] De Vaan explains the simple verb as an old compound meaning “to put down”.^[10]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss records a 13th-century repos in the sense “retorted, answered”, but dates the verb's sense “to put again” to the period 1597–1693;^[2][3] Cunha dates repor to the 16th century.^[2][3] Bluteau gives it as Latin reponere, “to put again”, and illustrates putting something back in its place.^[11]

Semantic evolution

From “to put back in its place” the verb came to mean to give back what was taken, to restore a former state, and in law to restore a person to a former position or possession.^[2][12] Vieira records the card-players' repor no jogo, putting on the table as much money as is in the pool, and the sense of making good a shortfall.^[7] Reflexive repor-se means to recover, to be restored.^[2][13] Modern dictionaries add the showing again of a play, film or programme, and computing uses it for “reset”.^[14][1]

Timeline

• 1200s – repos “retorted, answered”.^[2]
• 1500s – Cunha's first record of repor.^[3]
• 1597–1693 – Houaiss's date for the sense “to put again”.^[2]
• 1712–1728 – Bluteau glosses repor with Latin reponere.^[11]
• 1755 – Folqman gives the same Latin equivalent.^[15]
• 1871–1874 – Vieira records repor no jogo and the sense “to make good a shortfall”.^[7]

Meanings

Verb

1. (transitive) To replace, put back where it was; to put again: Repõe os livros na estante.^[2][1][5]
2. (transitive) To give back, restore, return to its owner; to reimburse.^[2][13]
3. (transitive) To restore to a former state or situation.^[2][14]
4. (reflexive) To recover, be restored.^[2][13]
5. (transitive, law) To reinstate a person in a former legal position or possession.^[2]
6. (transitive) To show a play, film or programme again.^[14]
7. (computing) To reset.^[1]

Word family

• reposição
• reposto

Related words

• pôr
• Latin repōnō
• Spanish reponer

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. repor
3. ^ a b c d Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. repor
4. ^ a b Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. repor
5. ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. repor
6. ^ a b Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. repor
7. ^ a b c d Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 5, 215
8. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954)
9. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
10. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
11. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. repor
12. ^ Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. repor
13. ^ a b c Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 8006
14. ^ a b c Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. repor
15. ^ Folqman, Carlos (1755), Diccionario portuguez, e latino, Lisboa: Régia Officina Silviana (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. repor