repetição

Forms

repetição f (plural repetições)^[1] The oldest record is the plural repeticioos (1407); Houaiss has repetição from about 1560.^[2][3][4]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin repetītiō (“a going back; a demanding back; repetition”).^[2][5][1] Houaiss dates it to 1407 from Lorenzo's records, and Cunha to the 15th century.^[2][3] Within Portuguese it can be analysed as repetir with the suffix -ção.^[1]

The Latin noun is formed from repetō (“to go back to; to claim back; to repeat”) with -tiō, and the verb is re- with petō (“to make for, seek”).^[6][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record, of 1407, speaks of certas questioos et Repeticioos disputadas “certain disputed questions and repetitions”, that is, academic exercises in which a text was gone over again and debated.^[4] Du Cange explains the medieval repetitiones as the fuller second readings of a law that masters gave during the vacations.^[7]

Semantic evolution

Cardoso (1569), Barbosa (1611) and Pereira (1697) gloss the word only with Latin repetitio.^[8][9][10] Vieira's dictionary (1871–1874) defines it as saying or doing again what was said or done before, with a quotation from Barros's Décadas.^[11]

The school sense lived on as “a supplementary lesson on matter already taught”, which the DLP marks as obsolete.^[2][12] Specialised senses followed in rhetoric (the repetition of a word as a figure), music, printing (a doubled word or line set by mistake) and firearms (arma de repetição “repeating rifle”).^[2][13] The Latin legal sense “claiming back” survives in Houaiss's “restitution” and in the legal phrase repetição do indébito.^[2][6]

Timeline

• 1407 – Repeticioos disputadas in a Galician-Portuguese text.^[4][2]
• c. 1560 – first record of the spelling repetição.^[2]
• 1569 – Cardoso's dictionary: repetição, Latin repetitio.^[8]
• 1611 – Barbosa cites Cicero for the Latin word.^[9]
• 1697 – Pereira's Thesouro lists it.^[10]
• 1871–1874 – Vieira derives it from the Latin accusative repetitionem.^[11]

Meanings

Noun

1. The act or result of repeating; repetition, reiteration of an act.^[2][14][1]
2. The saying again of words or ideas already said;^[2][15] (rhetoric) a figure that repeats a word or phrase for emphasis.^[2][15]
3. A supplementary lesson going over matter already taught.^[2][16]
4. (printing) An error in which a word or phrase is set twice; duplication.^[2][17][1]
5. (music) The playing again of a passage, shown by a sign in the score.^[2][14]
6. (law) restitution, the giving back of something;^[2][14] repetição do indébito, the action to recover a sum paid without being owed.^[2][14]
7. A repeating rifle or firearm (arma de repetição).^[2][13]

Related words

• repetir
• repetitivo
• repetente
• Latin repetītiō

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. repetição
3. ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. repetir
4. ^ a b c Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. repetição
5. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. repetição
6. ^ a b Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. repetītiō
7. ^ du Cange, Charles du Fresne, et al. (1883–1887), Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis, augmented ed. by Léopold Favre, Niort: L. Favre, p. s.v. repetitio
8. ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. repetição
9. ^ a b Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. repetição
10. ^ a b Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. repetição
11. ^ a b Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 5, 213
12. ^ Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. repetição
13. ^ a b Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 8001
14. ^ a b c d Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. repetição
15. ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. repetição
16. ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. repetição
17. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. repetição