introfero

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [ɪnˈtroː.fɛ.roː]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [inˈtrɔː.fe.ro]^[1]

Forms

intrōferō (present infinitive intrōferre, perfect active intrōtulī, supine intrōlātum); third conjugation, suppletive^[1] Also written as two words, intrō ferō.^[2]

Etymology

It is from Latin intrō (“inside”) + ferō (“to carry”).^[2][1] De Vaan traces ⟨ferō⟩ to Proto-Italic *fere/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-e/o- (“to carry”).^[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

Lewis & Short and Gaffiot cite Cicero's Verrines, lectīcā in urbem intrōferrī solitus est “he used to be carried into the city in a litter”.^[4][5] Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^[6]

Semantic evolution

It meant to carry in, bring in, as in Cicero and Livy, pedem intrōferre meant to set foot in.^[2][5]

Timeline

• 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^[4][5][6]
• 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it.^[5][6]

Meanings

Verb

1. To carry in, bring in, pedem intrōferre, to set foot in.^[2][4]

Related words

• ferō
• intrō

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
4. ^ a b c Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
5. ^ a b c d Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
6. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de