Romanian words first recorded in the 15th century

It is inherited from Late Latin fīliaster (“stepson”), formed in Latin from fīlius (“son”) with the suffix -aster. Ciorănescu cites Pușcariu, Candrea–Densusianu, the REW, Philippide and the DAR for…

It is inherited from Latin illāc (“that way, there”), an adverb that took on the role of a preposition. Ciorănescu and Tiktin start from a strengthened compound of this adverb and the preposition ad…

The origin is uncertain. DELR, the DA, DEX and MDA2 take it as inherited from Latin catēna (“chain”), a word that survives in every Romance language with the sense “chain”. The DA explains the shift…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *ustia, the plural of *ustium, a popular variant of Latin ostium (“door, entrance”); the neuter plural was taken as a feminine singular. Ciorănescu starts from the…

1. The word for the beech is inherited from Latin fāgus (“beech”). The Latin word comes from *fāgos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech tree”), the source of English beech as well. It…

It is inherited from Latin porcārius (“swineherd”) according to Tiktin, Candrea–Densusianu, Șăineanu and the REW. Ciorănescu lists it under porc and says it could come straight from Latin, as…

1. The word for the fulling mill is of unknown origin, according to DEX, Tiktin, the DLR and Ciorănescu. Diculescu, in his study of the old Greek elements of Romanian, proposed Ancient Greek σχεδία…

It is inherited from Latin culmen (“top, summit; roof”), a contracted form of columen. Ciorănescu thinks it probably passed through a form Vulgar Latin *culmis. The bookish variants culmine and…

It is formed from Romanian fag + -et, with the collective suffix of tree names. Scriban, DLRM and NODEX derive it from Latin fāgētum instead, and Wiktionary gives both explanations. Pușcariu…

It is inherited from Latin taurus (“bull”). The Latin word goes back to Proto-Indo-European *táwros; its cognates include Ancient Greek ταῦρος (taûros). De Vaan notes that it lacks a sound change…

It is inherited from Latin animālia (“animals”), the plural of animal (“living creature, animal”). The Latin noun is formed on anima (“breath, soul”). The word survives south of the Danube…

It is inherited from Late Latin retundus (“round”), a variant of Latin rotundus. The old form rătund continues it regularly. Tiktin regards the modern form, used since Heliade, as a learned…

It is inherited from Latin būbalus (“wild ox, buffalo”), from Ancient Greek βούβαλος (boúbalos, “antelope, wild ox”). Romanian alone keeps the form with /b/; the other Romance languages continue the…

It is inherited from Latin porcellus (“piglet”), a diminutive of porcus (“pig”). It survives south of the Danube as Aromanian purțel, Megleno-Romanian purțoi and Istro-Romanian porce. Its Romance…

It is inherited from Latin illa (“that (feminine)”), the feminine of the demonstrative ille (“that”), which became a personal pronoun in all the Romance languages. Latin -ll- developed regularly…

It is inherited from Latin ille (“that”), the demonstrative of distance, which became the third-person pronoun in all the Romance languages in place of classical is. The masculine form comes from…

It is borrowed from Modern Greek λείψω (leípso, “I shall be absent, lack”), the future of the verb meaning “to be absent, leave, lack”. Tiktin names the Byzantine Greek verb and its future as the…

Its origin is uncertain. The Academy dictionaries and NODEX derive it inherited from Latin succutiō (“to shake up, toss up”). Tiktin reports this derivation from Coseriu. An older view, held by…

It is inherited from Latin filix (“fern, bracken”), continued from its accusative filicem. Ciorănescu cites Pușcariu, Candrea–Densusianu and the DAR for this etymology. The Latin noun names any…

It is formed from Romanian folos + -i, on the noun meaning “use, profit”. The noun is from Byzantine Greek φελός (phelós), a shortened form of Ancient Greek ὄφελος (óphelos, “help, advantage”). DEX…

It is formed from Romanian găină + -ar, with the agent suffix. Candrea and Densusianu and Șăineanu derive it instead from Latin gallīnārius (“poultry keeper”), whose sound they think was reshaped…

It is formed from Romanian ușă + -ar, from the word for “door” with the agent suffix. Wiktionary also allows a Latin source, Vulgar Latin *ustiārius, from Latin ostiārius (“doorkeeper”). The REW…

It is inherited from Late Latin vēcīnus, a variant of vīcīnus (“neighbouring; neighbour”), which the Romanian dictionaries and REW reconstruct with /e/ in the first syllable. The Latin adjective is…

It is inherited from Latin mollis (“soft”). The Latin adjective goes back through Proto-Italic to Proto-Indo-European *ml̥dus (“soft, weak”); de Vaan explains it as an old u-stem remade into an…

It is inherited from Latin pāvō, pāvōnem (“peacock”), continuing the accusative, as Ciorănescu, Pușcariu, the REW, Tiktin, DEX and MDA2 hold. Ciorănescu compares the sound development of tăun. The…

It is formed from Romanian aur + -ar, with the agent suffix, as DEX, MDA2, the DLRM and Ciorănescu give it. Pușcariu, Candrea and Densusianu, the DA and Scriban took it straight from Latin aurārius…

It is inherited from Late Latin curtis (“yard, court”), a popular form of Latin cohortem (“enclosed yard; retinue”). The change of /o/ to /u/, recorded in the Late Latin form, recurs in other…

It is inherited from Latin macer (“thin, lean”), from its accusative macrum. Ciorănescu cites Pușcariu (no. 1012), Candrea–Densusianu (no. 1037) and the REW for this etymology. The word survives…

It is inherited from Latin grossus (“thick”), a colloquial Latin adjective attested in this sense from the 1st century AD and often compared with crassus (“thick, fat”). Its further origin is…

It is inherited from Latin soror (“sister”). The regular result was ⟨sor⟩, from the Latin nominative with the loss of final /r/, later fitted to the feminine nouns in ⟨-ă⟩. The plural ⟨surori⟩…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *fulger, from the oblique stem ⟨fulger-⟩ of fulgur (“lightning”) beside the usual ⟨fulgur-⟩. The stem ⟨fulger-⟩ is attested in Lucretius and in inscriptions, and…

It is inherited from Latin frontem (“forehead”). The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian frãmte, Megleno-Romanian frînte and Istro-Romanian frunte. Its Romance cognates include Italian…

It is inherited from Latin reus (“defendant, accused”), which came to mean “guilty” and then “bad”. Wiktionary sets the sense “bad” in Late Latin. Pușcariu notes that the step from “guilty” to “bad”…

It is most often explained as inherited from Vulgar Latin *aerūgina, a variant of Latin aerūgō (“copper rust, verdigris”). Pușcariu, Pascu, Candrea and the REW take this view; Tiktin compares lumină…

It is inherited from Latin orbus (“bereaved, deprived”). In classical Latin the word meant “bereaved of parents or children, deprived of”; the sense “blind” appears in later Latin, from phrases like…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *pilla, a form of pīla (“mortar”). Ciorănescu writes ⟨pilla⟩ without an asterisk, as the form is found in Du Cange. Tiktin and Candrea and Densusianu take ⟨*pilla⟩…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *urdīca, a variant of Latin urtīca (“nettle”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian urdzãcã, Megleno-Romanian urzică and Istro-Romanian urzikę. Its Romance…

It is inherited from Latin zema, as DEX, MDA2, the DLR and the DLRLV give it. The Latin noun is only recorded for a cooking pot, and the Romanian sense is closer to Ancient Greek ζέμα (zéma…

It is inherited from Latin cēpa (“onion”) (also spelled caepa). The Latin word is probably a loan from an unknown language; a Greek gloss Ancient Greek κάπια (kápia, “onions”) may reflect the same…

It is borrowed from Bulgarian грозав (grozav), according to MDA2, DEX and Wiktionary. The Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary records it as a dialect word, a derivative of the noun гроза (groza…

It is inherited from Latin saccus (“sack, bag”). The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian sac, Megleno-Romanian sac and Istro-Romanian sǫc. Its Romance cognates include Italian sacco…

It is inherited from Latin turdus (“thrush”). The final /z/ comes from the plural: turdī gave Romanian ⟨turzi⟩, from which a new singular was made. The initial /s/ is usually explained by the…

1. The word for the spindle is inherited from Latin fūsus (“spindle”). The origin of the Latin word is unknown. The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian fus, Megleno-Romanian fus and…

Its origin is disputed. DEX and the DLR give two sources: it is either inherited from Latin negōtiātōrius or formed from Romanian neguța (“to trade”) + -tor. MDA2 compares the same Latin word, and…

It is inherited from Latin recēns (“fresh, recent”), probably through a reduced form Vulgar Latin *reces. The Latin word is formed from re- and Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“new, fresh”). The meaning…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *codrum, a form of Latin quadrum (“square”) that is not recorded as such; the Late Latin codra “public square” in the glossaries and the names Codratus and…

It is inherited from Latin matia (“bowels, intestines”). The first Romanian form was the plural mațe, matching the Latin form, and the singular was remade from it later, as Candrea showed…

1. The word for “blue” is formed from Romanian mier + -iu, from the regional adjective mier “blue”. That adjective (also written mieru) is inherited from merus (“pure, unmixed”). Tiktin had called…

It is inherited from Latin pulpa (“fleshy part of the body, lean meat”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian pulpă, Megleno-Romanian pulpă and Istro-Romanian pupę. Its cognates include…

It is inherited from Latin salix (“willow”), from its accusative salicem. The older Romanian form is ⟨salce⟩. It survives south of the Danube: Aromanian salțe and Megleno-Romanian sâlcă. Its Romance…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *cucullium, formed on cucullus (“hood”). DELR marks the etymology uncertain: it accepts this reconstruction and compares Byzantine Greek κουκούλλιον (koukoúllion…

It is inherited from Late Latin pāgānus (“heathen”), the Christian sense of Latin pāgānus (“of the country, villager”). The Latin word is formed on pāgus (“country district”). It survives south of…

It is inherited from Latin tilia (“linden tree”), which became masculine on the model of the other tree names, as Ciorănescu, Tiktin and Wiktionary explain. Pușcariu, Tiktin, Scriban and DEX start…

Its origin is uncertain. DEX, MDA2, Wiktionary and the DA, following Pușcariu, derive it: it is inherited from Vulgar Latin *calamulus, a diminutive of calamus (“reed, stalk, pole”), which is from…

It is inherited from Latin hordeum (“barley”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian ordzu, Megleno-Romanian uorz and Istro-Romanian orz. Its Romance cognates include Dalmatian vuarz, Italian…

It is inherited from Latin puteus (“well, pit”). Wiktionary links the Latin word with Proto-Indo-European *paw- (“to strike”); de Vaan finds this impossible because of the short ⟨u⟩, and thinks the…

It is inherited from Latin in (“in, into”), like Italian in, French en, Catalan en, Spanish en and Portuguese em. It survives as Aromanian în and Istro-Romanian ăn. The older and fuller întru is…

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic неволꙗ (nevolja, “necessity, constraint”), one of the Slavonic loans of the old language. Wiktionary says only that it came from South Slavic, and the…

It is inherited from Latin vitellus (“little calf”), a diminutive of vitulus (“calf”). Tiktin thinks the /i/ was kept under the influence of vită. The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *eccum ille, a compound of Latin eccum (“see him, here he is”) and ille (“that”). DELR finds this first element more likely than ecce (“behold”), which Diez…