Romanian words first recorded in the 15th century

It is inherited from Latin cūlus (“backside, anus”). Intervocalic /l/ became /r/, as the authors of the Lexicon de la Buda already noted. The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian cur…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *dērēctus (“straight”), a variant of Latin dīrēctus (“in a straight line, direct”) that the Romance languages share. Wiktionary also names the Late Latin syncopated…

It is inherited from Latin ossum (“bone”), the popular form of Classical Latin os (“bone”). The Latin word goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”). The word survives in all four branches…

It is inherited from Latin vacca (“cow”). The Latin word is usually compared with Sanskrit वशा (vaśā, “cow”), but de Vaan finds the vowel hard to explain and suggests an onomatopoeic origin, “the…

Most dictionaries take it as inherited from Vulgar Latin *matteūca (“club”). This form is built on *mattea, which is preserved in the Latin diminutive mateola (“mallet”). Its Romance cognates…

It is inherited from Latin pūlicem (“flea”), the accusative of the Latin noun. It survives in all four branches: Aromanian puric, Megleno-Romanian puric and Istro-Romanian purec. Its Romance…

It is inherited from Latin scrōfa (“sow”). Its Romance cognates include Italian scrofa, Romansh scrua and Friulian scrove. Ciorănescu also compares Modern Greek σκρόφα (skrófa). In Latin it was a…

It is inherited from Latin dracō (“dragon, large snake”), which is from Ancient Greek δράκων (drákōn, “serpent, dragon”). Romanian continues the Latin nominative, as in cap, om and șarpe, perhaps…

It is inherited from Late Latin picula (“pitch”), a diminutive of pix (“pitch”). The Latin word comes from Proto-Indo-European *pik- (“pitch”). Its Romance cognates include Dalmatian pecla, Italian…

It is inherited from Latin flōrem (“flower”), the accusative of the Latin noun, which lives on in nearly every Romance language. The Latin word goes back to Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“to…

1. The word for “big” is probably inherited from Latin mās (“male”), through its accusative ⟨marem⟩. Diez already proposed it, and it is the view of Pușcariu, Candrea and Densusianu, Tiktin, MDA2…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *alvea or *albea, for Latin alveus (“hollow vessel, trough; riverbed”). DELR notes that the Romanian form may come from either ⟨-lv-⟩ or ⟨-lb-⟩, as in nalbă from…

It is inherited from Late Latin berbēx (“wether, ram”), the popular form of Latin vervēx, from its accusative berbēcem. The word survives in all four branches of Romanian: Aromanian birbec…

It is inherited from Latin laurus (“laurel, bay”). In the inherited word the name passed to a quite different plant, the thorn apple (“Datura stramonium”), the sense the REW gives for Romanian…

It is inherited from Latin mōns (“mountain”), from the accusative montem. The Latin word goes back to Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to stand out, tower”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian…

It is inherited from Latin corvus (“raven”). The Latin /rv/ gave /rb/ here, as in the variant corbus that Candrea and Densusianu and Papahagi give and in Old Italian corbo. The Latin word is…

It is inherited from Latin lupus (“wolf”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian lup, Megleno-Romanian lup and Istro-Romanian lup. Its Romance cognates include Italian lupo, Occitan lop…

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic дроумъ (drumŭ), from Byzantine Greek δρόμος (drómos, “road, avenue, post road”), from Ancient Greek δρόμος (drómos, “running, race, course”). The Greek noun…

It is inherited from Latin fūr (“thief”). Pușcariu (no. 676), Candrea–Densusianu (no. 689) and the REW list it among the inherited words. The Latin noun comes from *bʰṓr (“thief”), a cognate of…

It is inherited from Latin gelū (“frost, cold”), also written gelum. Intervocalic /l/ became /r/, as the Lexicon of Buda already noted. The Latin word goes back to Proto-Indo-European *gel-…

It is inherited from Latin grevis (“heavy”), a popular form of gravis (“heavy”) remade after its opposite levis (“light”). Wiktionary notes that the popular form is recorded in an eighth-century…

It is inherited from Latin pantex (“belly, paunch, guts”), from its accusative ⟨panticem⟩. Diez, Pușcariu, Candrea and Densusianu and the REW give the same etymon. The Latin noun was a colloquial…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *excurtus, a by-form of curtus (“short; cut off”), which some give as the direct source. The initial /s/ is usually explained from the verb Vulgar Latin *excurtō…

It is inherited from Latin vulpēs (“fox”). The Latin word, earlier volpēs, goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p- (“(red) fox”). Ciorănescu gives the same form south of the Danube and in…

It is inherited from Latin fūmus (“smoke”). The Latin word goes back through Proto-Italic to Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”), with cognates such as Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá) and Old Church…

It is inherited from Late Latin ārsūra (“burning”). The DA cites the Latin word from the Herbarius of Apuleius. It is formed on ārsus, the past participle of ārdeō (“to burn”). Tiktin and Wiktionary…

1. The word for the hillock is inherited from Late Latin grunnium (“pig's snout”) for Ciorănescu, who follows Candrea and Scriban, and for Tiktin, who follows Papahagi. Wiktionary and NODEX agree…

It is inherited from Latin inter (“between, among”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian ntră, Megleno-Romanian antri and Istro-Romanian ăntre. The word was kept in French entre, Occitan…

It is inherited from Latin rota (“wheel”). The Latin word goes back to Proto-Indo-European *Hret- (“to run, roll”). It survives south of the Danube: Aromanian aroatã and Megleno-Romanian roată. Its…

It is inherited from Latin catellus (“puppy, little dog”), a diminutive of catulus (“whelp, young dog”). The word survives south of the Danube: Aromanian cãtsãl and Megleno-Romanian cătsǫl. Its…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *pulleus, a popular form of Latin pullus (“young of an animal, chick”). DER follows Pușcariu, Candrea–Densusianu and the REW in this, and compares Lombard pui…

It is inherited from Latin nūbilum (“cloudy sky”), the noun use of the neuter of nūbilus (“cloudy”), from nūbēs (“cloud”). The Latin noun is traced to Proto-Indo-European *(s)newdʰ- (“to cover”)…

It is inherited from Late Latin grassus (“fat”), a popular form of crassus (“thick, fat”). Candrea and Densusianu and DA explain the initial /g/ by the influence of grossus (“thick”). De Vaan finds…

It is probably inherited from Late Latin mastichinus (“of mastic”), from Ancient Greek μαστίχινος (mastíkhinos, “prepared with mastic”), from μαστίχη (mastíkhē, “mastic”). The tree was named after…

It is inherited from Latin galbinus (“greenish-yellow”). The Latin word is first found in imperial authors such as Petronius and Martial, of greenish-yellow clothes, and not in Republican Latin. Its…

It is inherited from Latin galgulus (“a yellow bird, perhaps the golden oriole”), a form of galbulus with assimilation. Wiktionary traces it to galbus (“yellow”). Candrea and Densusianu explain the…

Its origin is uncertain. The explanation most sources favour is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic дворьба (dvorĭba, “service, attendance at court”), from Proto-Slavic *dvorъ (“court”), an…

It is inherited from Latin bene (“well”), the adverb belonging to bonus (“good”) (Old Latin duenos), and it survives in all the Romance languages. The word is found in all four branches: Aromanian…

It is inherited from Latin glāns (“acorn”), probably through *glanda, with a change of declension. Ciorănescu follows Pușcariu, Candrea–Densusianu, the REW and the DA in this, but thinks a start…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *turbulus (“troubled, cloudy”). DEX equates it with Latin turbidus (“disturbed, muddy”), and DLR and MDA2 compare turbulentus (“stormy, turbulent”); Wiktionary…

It is inherited from Late Latin domna, the syncopated form of Latin domina (“mistress of a household”), the feminine of dominus (“master”). The short form ⟨domna⟩ already appears in Latin…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin anglus, the popular form of angulus (“angle, corner”). Ciorănescu and Tiktin start directly from the classical form. The Latin word goes back to Proto-Indo-European…

It is inherited from Latin costa (“rib; side”). DELR adds that the sense “seashore” follows French côte. It survives in all four branches: Aromanian coastã, Megleno-Romanian coasta and…

It is inherited from Latin annōtinus (“a year old, of last year”), from annus (“year”). Ciorănescu cites Pușcariu, Candrea–Densusianu and the REW. It survives in all four branches: Aromanian noaten…

It is probably inherited from Vulgar Latin *fenacium, an adjective of fēnum (“hay”) used as a noun, with prātum (“meadow”) understood. This is the view of Pușcariu, Candrea and Densusianu, the DA…

It is probably inherited from Latin russus (“red”), the source Ciorănescu and Tiktin prefer. Pușcariu, the REW and Candrea derived it instead from roseus (“rose-coloured”), and MDA2 gives that…

It is inherited from Latin floccus (“tuft of wool”), a word continued in most of the Romance languages. Pușcariu gives Aromanian floc for the Aromanian form, and Papahagi records it with the sense…

It is inherited from Latin marmor (“marble”). The Latin word is borrowed from Ancient Greek μάρμαρος (mármaros, “stone, marble”). Beekes describes the Greek word's first sense as “stone, rock” and…

1. The word for a house is inherited from Latin casa (“hut, cottage”). The DA notes that in Vulgar Latin the word took the general sense of house, replacing domus and aedes. The origin of the Latin…

It is inherited from Latin cognātus (“related by birth, blood relative”), from con- and nātus (“born”). The sense widened to “relative” and then narrowed in Vulgar Latin to “brother-in-law”, which…

It is inherited from Latin furca (“fork”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian furcã, Megleno-Romanian furcă and Istro-Romanian furke. Its Romance cognates include Italian forca, French…

The adjective is the past participle from Romanian jura (“to swear”). The verb is inherited from iūrō. The noun is listed by Ciorănescu among the derivatives of jura. DA takes the older noun, the…

It is inherited from Latin falx (“sickle, scythe”) (accusative falcem). The measure was originally as much land as one could mow with the scythe in a day. Ciorănescu treats it as the regular outcome…

It is inherited from Latin palanga (“carrying pole”), the popular form of phalanga, which is from Ancient Greek φάλαγξ (phálanx, “log, roller, beam”). Latin had the word in the plural for the poles…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *patīre (“to suffer”), the fourth-conjugation form that replaced the deponent verb of Classical Latin, patior (“to undergo, suffer”). De Vaan finds the origin of…

It is inherited from Latin porta (“gate, door”). The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian poartă, Megleno-Romanian poartă and Istro-Romanian poartę. The Romance cognates include Italian…

It is inherited from Latin arbor (“tree”), accusative arborem. The regular outcome was arbure, the form of the old texts; the modern form took its stressed /o/ from Latin and its neologisms. The…

1. The word for the coin is borrowed from Byzantine Greek ἄσπρον (áspron). DEX, DER and MDA2 call the source Modern Greek, DELR Medieval and Modern Greek. The Greek word is the neuter of the…

It is inherited from Late Latin fīliaster (“stepson”), formed in Latin from fīlius (“son”) with the suffix -aster. Ciorănescu cites Pușcariu, Candrea–Densusianu, the REW, Philippide and the DAR for…

It is inherited from Latin illāc (“that way, there”), an adverb that took on the role of a preposition. Ciorănescu and Tiktin start from a strengthened compound of this adverb and the preposition ad…