Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word vițel

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1499 place name More words from the 15th century
Inherited from
Latin vitellus
Ultimate origin
Latin vitulus
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin vitulus
Latin vitellus
French veau
Romanian vițel
From the same root
Latin vitula ← vitulus

Forms

vițel m (plural viței)[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin vitellus (“little calf”), a diminutive of vitulus (“calf”).[2][3][4][5][1] Tiktin thinks the /i/ was kept under the influence of vită.[6]

The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian vițăl, Megleno-Romanian vițǫl and Istro-Romanian vițelu.[2][7][8] Romance cognates include Italian vitello, Occitan vedel, Catalan vedell and French veau.[2][9]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is a place name of 1499.[3][10][6] As a common noun “calf” it is in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century: „Punre-vor pre oltariul tău vițelul” “they will lay the calf upon your altar” (Psalm 50).[10][11]

Semantic evolution

The meat and the skin of the animal are also called vițel: friptură de vițel “roast veal”, pantofi de vițel “calfskin shoes”.[4][12] Regional senses are a young deer and a soldier's knapsack covered with calfskin.[4][6] Figuratively it is a dull, spineless person.[12][13]

Biblical phrases gave vițelul de aur “the golden calf”, the cult of money, and a tăia vițelul cel gras “to kill the fatted calf”.[3][12] A trăi ca vițelul la oraș “to live like a calf in town” means to lead a wretched life.[6][3]

Timeline

  • 1499 – a place name, the first record.[3][10]
  • c. 1500–1520 – vițel in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki.[14][10]
  • 1649 – vițel glosses Slavonic телець “calf” in Mardarie's lexicon.[15]
  • 1825 – carne de vițel “veal” in the Lexicon of Buda.[16]

Meanings

Noun

  1. calf: the young of the cow, up to about a year old.[4][1]
  2. veal; calfskin.[4][1]
  3. vițelul de aur “the golden calf”: a symbol of wealth.[4]
  4. (regional) A young deer; a soldier's knapsack covered with calfskin.[4]
  5. (figurative) A dull, spineless person.[13]

Word family

  • vițea
  • vițelar
  • vițeluș

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. vițel
  3. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1496
  4. ^ a b c d e f g DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1202
  5. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  6. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. vițél
  7. ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 329
  8. ^ Kovačec, August (1998), Istrorumunjsko-hrvatski rječnik (s gramatikom i tekstovima), Pula
  9. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 9385
  10. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. vițel
  11. ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 50:20
  12. ^ a b c Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1411
  13. ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. vițel
  14. ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 105:20
  15. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. vițel
  16. ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 759

Related etymologies

  • apă · also from Latin
  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Vițel.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/vi%C8%9Bel. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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