Etymology and origin of the Romanian word vițel
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1499 place name More words from the 15th century
- Inherited from
- Latin vitellus
- Ultimate origin
- Latin vitulus
From the same root
Forms
vițel m (plural viței)[1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin vitellus (“little calf”), a diminutive of vitulus (“calf”).[2][3][4][5][1] Tiktin thinks the /i/ was kept under the influence of vită.[6]
The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian vițăl, Megleno-Romanian vițǫl and Istro-Romanian vițelu.[2][7][8] Romance cognates include Italian vitello, Occitan vedel, Catalan vedell and French veau.[2][9]
Earliest recorded meaning
The first record is a place name of 1499.[3][10][6] As a common noun “calf” it is in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century: „Punre-vor pre oltariul tău vițelul” “they will lay the calf upon your altar” (Psalm 50).[10][11]
Semantic evolution
The meat and the skin of the animal are also called vițel: friptură de vițel “roast veal”, pantofi de vițel “calfskin shoes”.[4][12] Regional senses are a young deer and a soldier's knapsack covered with calfskin.[4][6] Figuratively it is a dull, spineless person.[12][13]
Biblical phrases gave vițelul de aur “the golden calf”, the cult of money, and a tăia vițelul cel gras “to kill the fatted calf”.[3][12] A trăi ca vițelul la oraș “to live like a calf in town” means to lead a wretched life.[6][3]
Timeline
- 1499 – a place name, the first record.[3][10]
- c. 1500–1520 – vițel in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki.[14][10]
- 1649 – vițel glosses Slavonic телець “calf” in Mardarie's lexicon.[15]
- 1825 – carne de vițel “veal” in the Lexicon of Buda.[16]
Meanings
Noun
- calf: the young of the cow, up to about a year old.[4][1]
- veal; calfskin.[4][1]
- vițelul de aur “the golden calf”: a symbol of wealth.[4]
- (regional) A young deer; a soldier's knapsack covered with calfskin.[4]
- (figurative) A dull, spineless person.[13]
Word family
- vițea
- vițelar
- vițeluș
References
- ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. vițel
- ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1496
- ^ a b c d e f g DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1202
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
- ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. vițél
- ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 329
- ^ Kovačec, August (1998), Istrorumunjsko-hrvatski rječnik (s gramatikom i tekstovima), Pula
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 9385
- ^ a b c d Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. vițel
- ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 50:20
- ^ a b c Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1411
- ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. vițel
- ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 105:20
- ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. vițel
- ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 759
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Vițel.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/vi%C8%9Bel. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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