Etymology and origin of the Romanian word întrece
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Derivation
- First attested
- c. 1573–1578 Psaltirea Scheiană More words from the 16th century
- Ultimate origin
- Latin trāiciō
Etymology tree
From the same root
Forms
întrece (third-person singular present întrece, past participle întrecut, third-person subjunctive întreacă), 3rd conjugation[1]
Etymology
It is formed from Romanian în- + trece, as DEX, MDA2, the DA, Tiktin and Wiktionary agree.[2][3][4][5][1] The DA notes that the prefix gives the verb a factitive sense, after a discussion in the fourth volume of the journal Dacoromania.[4] The base verb trece continues Latin trāiciō (“to throw across, carry over”).[1]
A parallel formation with another prefix is Aromanian astrec, beside the variants antrec and ntrec, which correspond to the Romanian verb.[1]
Earliest recorded meaning
The first record is in the Psaltirea Scheiană of the 1570s: întreci-i “go before them”, an imperative addressed to God in Psalm 16:13.[5][4][6] The sense there is the physical one, to get ahead of someone.[5] The glossary of the Anonymus Caransebesiensis (c. 1650) translates entrek with Latin “praecello, praeeo”, “I excel, I go before”, and MDA2 takes this as its first record.[4][3]
Semantic evolution
From “overtake, leave behind” the verb passed to “surpass, outdo”, already in Dosoftei's Psalter and the 17th-century chronicles, where a ruler outdoes all those who reigned before him.[4][5] The reflexive a se întrece means “to compete, vie with one another”, in running, archery or drinking, and gave the phrase pe întrecute “each trying to outdo the others”.[5][2]
A third line of meaning is “to go beyond a limit”: of things, to be more than needed, and of people, to go too far, as in a se întrece cu gluma “to carry a joke too far”.[2][3] In Maramureș a se întrece means “to be impertinent”.[7] The DA and MDA2 also record a regional sense “to caress, to spoil (a child)”.[4][3]
Timeline
- c. 1573-1578 – întreci-i “go before them” in the Psaltirea Scheiană (Psalm 16:13), the first record.[5][6]
- 1589 – întrecură “they went before” in Coresi's psalter of 1589 (Psalms 67:27 and 76:4).[8]
- 1649 – întrecu in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[9]
- c. 1650 – entrek glossed “praecello, praeeo” in the Anonymus Caransebesiensis.[4][3]
- 1688 – întreci in the Bucharest Bible (Jeremiah 48:19).[10][5]
Meanings
Verb
- To overtake someone while moving, to leave behind.[2][3]
- To surpass, be superior to someone in some respect: Echipa noastră i-a întrecut pe toți la aruncări.[2][11]
- (reflexive, reciprocal) To compete, each trying to outdo the other;[2][12] pe întrecute “vying with one another”.[2][12]
- To go beyond a limit; by extension, to be more than needed, to be in excess;[2] de întrecut “to spare”.[2]
- (reflexive) To go too far, to exaggerate: a se întrece cu gluma “to carry a joke too far”.[2][3]
- (regional) To caress, to spoil a child.[3][4]
Word family
- întrecere
Related words
- trece
- Aromanian astrec
Usage notes
The verb is conjugated like trece.[5] A întrece așteptările means “to exceed expectations”.[11]
References
- ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 557
- ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1257
- ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. întrece
- ^ a b c d e f g h Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. întrece
- ^ a b Candrea, I.-A. (1916), Psaltirea Scheiană comparată cu celelalte psaltiri din sec. XVI și XVII traduse din slavonește, vol. II: Glosarele, București: Socec, p. 320
- ^ Ștef, Dorin (2021), Dicționar de regionalisme și arhaisme din județul Maramureș, 3rd ed., Baia Mare
- ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro
- ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro
- ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition)
- ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional
- ^ a b Breban, Vasile (1980), Dicționar al limbii române contemporane de uz curent, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică
Cite this entry
“Întrece.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C3%AEntrece. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
Last edited on . ·