Portuguese words first recorded in the 14th century

It is borrowed from Latin solūtiō (“a loosening, dissolving; release; payment”), first recorded in the 14th century as Old Galician-Portuguese soluçom. Wiktionary calls it a learned borrowing, while…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin suggluttium (“sob, hiccup”), a form found in late Latin glosses. This is an alteration of classical Latin singultus (“sobbing, hiccup”), reshaped as if it were a…

It is inherited from Latin umbra (“shadow, shade”) at bottom, but the origin of its ⟨s⟩ is disputed; the oldest texts write Old Galician-Portuguese soombra and sonbra. Corominas, whom Houaiss…

It is inherited from Latin sufflō (“to blow, puff up, inflate”), written Old Galician-Portuguese soprar in the oldest texts. Nascentes and Aurélio start instead from Vulgar Latin *supplō, a Vulgar…

It is inherited from Latin subrīdeō (“to smile”), written Old Galician-Portuguese sorriir in the oldest texts. Wiktionary puts a Vulgar Latin infinitive *subrīdīre between them, moved to the -ire…

It is inherited from Latin sūdō (“to sweat”), written Old Galician-Portuguese suar in the oldest texts. The same Latin verb is Galician suar, Catalan suar, French suer, Italian sudare and Spanish…

It is borrowed from Latin subvertō (“to overturn, overthrow”), recorded from the 14th century. Beside it the old language had Old Galician-Portuguese soverter, which Houaiss treats as the same word…

It is borrowed from Latin succēdō (“to go under; to come after, take the place of; to turn out”), first recorded in the 14th century. Nascentes notes that it came in by the learned route. The Latin…

It is borrowed from Latin suspendō (“to hang up; to keep in suspense; to interrupt”), a Latin verb formed from sub- (“under”) and pendō (“to hang”). Wiktionary calls it a learned borrowing. The…

It is borrowed from Latin talentum (“a weight; a sum of money”), which is from Ancient Greek τάλαντον (tálanton, “balance; a weight; a talent”). The Greek word is from Proto-Indo-European…

It is inherited from Latin tener (“soft, tender, delicate”). Wiktionary gives the oldest form as Old Galician-Portuguese tẽero. The same Latin word gave terno “tender, affectionate”, a divergent…

It is inherited from Ecclesiastical Latin tertia fēria (“third weekday”), written Old Galician-Portuguese terça feira in the medieval texts. Several dictionaries analyse it as a compound from…

1. The word for “tender” is inherited from Latin tener (“soft, delicate, tender”), from its accusative form, with metathesis, as in the Spanish word. Its doublet is tenro, from the same Latin word…

It is inherited from Latin tēnsus (“stretched”), the past participle of tendō (“to stretch, extend”). It is the popular form beside the learned tenso. The participle is a later, analogical form…

It is inherited from Latin testū (“an earthenware lid; clay pot”), also testum. Houaiss notes that the Latin word lives on in all the Romance languages. Adolfo Coelho and Bluteau derived it instead…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin tostō (“to roast, scorch”), a frequentative formed on tostus, the past participle of torreō (“to dry, scorch”). Nascentes and Aurélio star the Latin verb as…

It is borrowed from Latin trānsfōrmō (“to change in shape, transform”), a learned word according to Wiktionary and Nascentes. Houaiss and Cunha both derive it from the Latin verb, which Houaiss…

It is a learned borrowing, borrowed from Latin trānsitōrius (“affording passage; passing, transitory”). The Latin adjective is formed from trānsitus (“passage”), from trānseō (“to go across; to…

It is inherited from Latin trānsversus (“lying across, transverse”). Nascentes suggests that the sense “restless” came from someone forever crossing from one side to the other. Wiktionary treats the…

It is inherited from Latin tonō (“to thunder”) with an inserted /r/, recorded as Old Galician-Portuguese tronar in the 14th century. Cunha and Wiktionary explain the /r/ by the influence of tonitrus…

It is borrowed from French truffe (“truffle”), which is from Old Occitan trufa. The Occitan word comes from Late Latin tufera of the glosses, from tufer, a dialectal variant of Latin tuber…

It is inherited from Latin turbidus (“troubled, stormy; muddy”), written Old Galician-Portuguese turbio and Old Galician-Portuguese turuo in the manuscripts of the Galician chronicle. Nascentes…

It is borrowed from Latin ultimus (“farthest, last”), a learned word. Spanish último was likewise taken from Latin, about 1440, and French ultime in about 1223. The same Latin word is Catalan últim…

It is borrowed from Late Latin ūniō (“oneness, unity; union”), a noun formed from ūnus (“one”) with the suffix -iō. Nascentes considers it a semi-learned word. In Latin the abstract sense “unity…

It is borrowed from Latin ūniversitās (“the whole; a corporation, college”), written Old Galician-Portuguese huniuersidade in the 14th century. Nascentes calls it a semi-learned word. Wiktionary…

It is borrowed from French avantage, first as Old Galician-Portuguese avantagem, which lost its first syllable when the a- was taken for the article or a prefix. Nascentes cites the loss of the…

It is inherited from Latin vēnātus (“hunting; game”), written Old Galician-Portuguese veado in the oldest texts. The Latin noun is formed from vēnor (“to hunt”) with the suffix of action nouns -tus…

It is inherited from Latin verrūca (“wart; hillock”), written Old Galician-Portuguese berruga and Old Galician-Portuguese verruga in the oldest texts. The Latin /k/ between vowels became /ɡ/. The…

It is borrowed from Latin vexātiō (“shaking; suffering; torment”), first written Old Galician-Portuguese uexaçom in the 14th century. Nascentes calls it semi-learned. Wiktionary adds that it can be…

It is inherited from Latin vīpera (“viper”), written Old Galician-Portuguese bibera in the 14th century. Corominas counts the Portuguese and Spanish words as semi-learned, because they keep the…

It is inherited from Latin vītis (“grapevine”), written Old Galician-Portuguese vide in the oldest texts. The same Latin word is Galician vide, Spanish vid, Catalan vit, Occitan vit and Italian…

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin vicecomes (“deputy of a count”), written Old Galician-Portuguese bisconde and Old Galician-Portuguese bizconde in the oldest texts. Houaiss and Cunha quote the…

It is borrowed from Latin victōria (“victory”), written Old Galician-Portuguese vitoria and Old Galician-Portuguese uictoria in the 14th century. Nascentes counts it as semi-learned. The same Latin…

It is borrowed from Latin victōriōsus (“victorious”), first recorded in the 14th century. Wiktionary calls it a learned borrowing, Nascentes a semi-learned one. The Latin adjective is formed from…

It is borrowed from Latin vocābulum (“name, term, word”), recorded from the 14th century as Old Galician-Portuguese bocavollo. Nascentes takes the learned form as a remaking of an older Old…

It is borrowed from Latin vōtum (“vow, promise to a god; wish”), written Old Galician-Portuguese voto and Old Galician-Portuguese uoto in the oldest texts. Wiktionary calls it partly borrowed, and…

It is formed from Portuguese zelo + -oso. The noun zelo is from Latin zēlus (“envy, jealousy”), from Ancient Greek ζῆλος (zêlos, “zeal, emulation, jealousy”). Houaiss dates the adjective to the 14th…

Houaiss calls its origin disputed. Houaiss, Cunha, Corominas and the DLE take it from a colloquial Andalusian Arabic word for “outside, exterior”, which in the classical language is borrowed from…

It is borrowed from Latin cancellō (“to cover with a lattice; to cross out”), first recorded in 1302 as the participle Old Galician-Portuguese cançelado. Cunha gives the original sense as “to…

It is borrowed from Latin cōdicillus (“small log; writing tablets; codicil”), the diminutive of cōdex (“trunk; book”). Nascentes calls it a semi-learned word, and in his fuller dictionary notes that…

It is borrowed from Latin prōcessus (“a going forward, advance; course, progress”), a noun built on the stem of prōcēdō (“to go forward, advance”). The verb is made of prō- (“forth”) and cēdō (“to…

It is borrowed from Arabic طَاس (ṭās, “bowl”), in the Andalusian form that Corriente writes ṭássa. Arabic took the word from Middle Persian tašt. Houaiss and Cunha derive the Portuguese word…

It is borrowed from Andalusian Arabic اَلتُّنّ (attúnn, “the tuna”), the noun with the Arabic article fused to it. Corriente finds no Arabic form with emphatic /ṭ/, which Machado had proposed as an…

It is borrowed from Latin pūblicō (“to make public”), a learned word. The REW records the old Portuguese form Old Galician-Portuguese provicar beside Italian piuvicare and French publier. The Latin…

It is borrowed from Latin cōpia (“abundance, means”), a learned word of the 14th century. Houaiss takes the sense “reproduction” from French copie, recorded in 1270 for a written copy. Nascentes…

It is inherited from Late Latin dēfēnsa (“defence”), written Old Galician-Portuguese defesa in the oldest texts. The Latin noun was formed on the stem of the past participle of dēfendō (“to ward…

It is inherited from Latin linteolum (“small piece of linen cloth”), written Old Galician-Portuguese lençoo in the medieval language. Cunha and the DLP start from a popular Latin form with ⟨e⟩ in…

It is inherited from Latin cāseus (“cheese”), written Old Galician-Portuguese queijo in the oldest Portuguese texts. Nascentes and Aurélio pass it through an archaic queiso, and Nascentes's fuller…

It is probably borrowed from Old French bescuit, from Medieval Latin biscoctus (“twice-cooked”). Houaiss dates the Old French form to 1112, and Cunha and Machado give the French route as likely, not…

It is formed from Portuguese vassalo + -agem, “vassal” with the suffix of state and condition. Porto Editora instead takes it from Old Occitan vassalatge, the Provençal word. The same formation is…

It is borrowed from Latin articulus (“joint; limb; part, division; article (in grammar)”), a semi-learned borrowing first written Old Galician-Portuguese artigoo. Machado and Cunha trace the form…

It is inherited from Latin redūcō (“to lead back, bring back”), written Old Galician-Portuguese reduzer in the oldest texts. Nascentes considers it semi-learned, and Wiktionary says it may have been…

It is inherited from Latin acceptō (“to receive regularly; to accept”), the frequentative of accipiō (“to take, receive”). The oldest texts write Old Galician-Portuguese aceptar, with the past…

It is inherited from Latin smaragdus (“emerald”), from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos). Aurélio starts from a feminine Vulgar Latin *smaragda. Nunes starts from *smaralda, and Cornu set up an…

It is borrowed from Latin lībertās (“freedom, the condition of a free person”), a learned word already in use in the oldest Galician-Portuguese documents as Old Galician-Portuguese liberdade…

It is formed from Portuguese espaço + -oso, as Houaiss, Wiktionary and the older dictionaries explain it. The noun espaço is inherited from Latin spatium (“space, extent”). Nascentes, followed by…

It is inherited from Latin russeus (“dark red, reddish”), through an older form Old Galician-Portuguese roixo. Nascentes explains the loss of the ⟨i⟩ as the normal development of the diphthong /oi/…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin ceresia (“cherries”), written Old Galician-Portuguese cereija in the old language. The Vulgar Latin word was the neuter plural of ceresium, taken as a feminine…

It is borrowed from Latin rēstaurō (“to restore, rebuild”), a learned word. The medieval variants Old Galician-Portuguese restoyrar and Old Galician-Portuguese restolar show the Latin word adapted…

For Houaiss it is borrowed from Medieval Latin tamarindus, from Arabic تمر هندي (tamr hindī, “date of India”), and Wiktionary gives the same route. Cunha, Nascentes, the DLP and Porto Editora take…