vide

Forms

vide f (plural vides)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin vītis (“grapevine”), written Old Galician-Portuguese vide in the oldest texts.^[2][3][4][1]

The same Latin word is Galician vide, Spanish vid, Catalan vit, Occitan vit and Italian vite.^[5][6][1] The REW records the Portuguese sense “umbilical cord” beside “vine shoot”.^[5]

The Latin word goes back to *wītis.^[7][1] De Vaan explains it as a derivative with the suffix *-tis of the root *weh₁y- (“to twine, wind”), meaning first “weaving”, and relates it to vieō (“to plait”).^[7] Wiktionary reconstructs *wéh₁itis (“that which twines or bends”).^[7][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss and Cunha date the word to the 14th century.^[2][3] The Crónica Troiana names the vine among the things a painter might paint: nõ ha ẽno mũdo pintor que bem pintase laço nẽ flor nẽ vide nẽ ave “there is no painter in the world who could paint so well a knot, a flower, a vine or a bird”.^[8]

Semantic evolution

Barbosa in 1611 and Pereira in 1697 gloss vide with Latin vitis, the vine itself.^[9][10] Bluteau defines it rather as the canes that are cut from the vines in pruning and left on the ground, good for the fire, and Morais in 1789 has the same sense, with a second one, “umbilical cord”.^[11][12] Vieira labels this second sense as a word of midwives.^[13] Modern dictionaries give the shoot or cane of the vine, a young vine planted from a cutting, the vine itself, and in popular use the part of the umbilical cord attached to the placenta.^[2][14]

The Latin word also meant “screw” in the Middle Ages, and the Miragres de Santiago use vides for spiral staircases in the towers of the cathedral of Santiago.^[5][8] In Portuguese dialects the farmers of one area call the vine bide but call vines planted in a vineyard cepa.^[15]

Timeline

• 14th century – first record, according to Houaiss and Cunha.^[2][3]
• c. 1430 – the Horto do Esposo (copied 1390–1437) has vide.^[16]
• 1611 – Barbosa lists vide with Latin vitis and phrases for planting and propping vines.^[9]
• 1712–1728 – Bluteau defines it as the canes cut from vines.^[11]
• 1789 – Morais adds the sense “umbilical cord”.^[12]

Meanings

Noun

1. A shoot or cane of the vine, especially one cut off in pruning or planted to grow a new vine, a bacelo.^{[2][14][17][1]}
2. The grapevine itself, the same as videira.^[2][14][1]
3. (popular) The part of the umbilical cord that stays joined to the placenta; the umbilical cord itself.^{[2][14][17][1]}

Word family

• videira
• esvidigar

Related words

• Latin vītis
• Galician vide
• Spanish vid

Usage notes

A separate word vide is the Latin imperative “see”, taken into Portuguese as a learned word and used to refer the reader to another passage or work (vide page 20) or, by extension, to mean “as shown by, for example”.^[2][1][14]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. vide
3. ^ a b c Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. vide
4. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. vide
5. ^ a b c Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 9395
6. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. vitis
7. ^ a b c de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
8. ^ a b Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. vide
9. ^ a b Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. vide
10. ^ Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. vide
11. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. vide
12. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 524
13. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 5, 943
14. ^ a b c d e Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. vide
15. ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP), Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/tesouro, p. s.v. vide
16. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. vide
17. ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. vide