veado

Forms

veado m (plural veados)^[1] Old Galician-Portuguese wrote veado and, with a nasal vowel, vẽado.^[1] Houaiss records ueados in the 14th century and veado in the 15th.^[2] The spelling viados appears in a text of 1741.^[3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin vēnātus (“hunting; game”), written Old Galician-Portuguese veado in the oldest texts.^[2][4][5][1] The Latin noun is formed from vēnor (“to hunt”) with the suffix of action nouns -tus.^[6][1]

The same Latin word is Galician veado, Spanish venado, Asturian venáu, Catalan venat and Romanian vânat.^[7][1] In Spanish, too, the word first meant any animal hunted and only later “deer”.^[8]

The word first meant any hunted animal and narrowed to “deer”, the game animal par excellence; in this sense it took the place of the Latin cervus.^[9][5]

Earliest recorded meaning

The Crónica Geral tells of men who went to kill veados in the mountains, where there was then much game of many kinds; the DDGM glosses the word there as any animal hunted, and dates the examples from the 14th century.^[9] In the Miragres de Santiago a hunter goes after hũu veado sounding his horn, where the Latin original has feram “a wild beast”.^[9]

Semantic evolution

The sense “deer” is fixed in the dictionaries from the 16th century: Cardoso (1569) and Pereira (1697) render Veado by Latin cervus, and Barbosa (1611) gives cervo as its synonym.^[10][11][12] The DLP keeps the old general sense “any big game” as disused.^[13] In Brazil the word also names the 24th group of the jogo do bicho, and the meat of the animal.^[2][14]

Timeline

• 1300s – first records, as ueados.^[2][4][9]
• 1569 – Cardoso renders Veado by Latin cervus.^[10]
• 1611 – Barbosa gives cervo as a synonym.^[11]
• 1712–1728 – Bluteau describes the animal at length.^[15]
• 1741 – the spelling viados in a text from Almeirim.^[3]

Meanings

Noun

1. A deer: any of the ruminant mammals of the family Cervidae, the males of which carry antlers.^[2][13][1]
2. (cooking) The meat of the deer, venison.^[2][14]
3. (Brazil) In the jogo do bicho, the 24th group, covering the numbers 93 to 96.^[2][14]
4. (obsolete) Any big game.^[13]

Related words

• veação
• veador
• venábulo
• venatório
• Latin vēnātus
• Spanish venado

Usage notes

In Brazil veado is also a vulgar and usually offensive word for a gay man.^[2][14] Houaiss labels this use as taboo and notes that it has not been satisfactorily explained.^[2][14] In this sense the word is often spelt viado, the Brazilian pronunciation.^[1] Wiktionary gives viado as an entry of uncertain origin, either a spelling of veado as it is pronounced or a clipping of desviado “deviant”.^[1] Priberam and the DLP also record a vulgar use in Portugal for a man whose wife is unfaithful.^[16][13]

The viado of Houaiss is a different, obsolete word: a striped woollen cloth, recorded in 1340, of obscure origin.^[17][18] Aurélio and the DLP also list a separate Brazilian veado, a manioc with a red stem, whose origin the DLP calls obscure.^[14][13]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. veado
3. ^ a b NEHiLP – Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Etimologia e História da Língua Portuguesa, Universidade de São Paulo, DELPo: Dicionário Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa (online database), p. s.v. veado
4. ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. veado
5. ^ a b Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. veado
6. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. venatus
7. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. venatus
8. ^ Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 5, 765
9. ^ a b c d Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. veado
10. ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. veado
11. ^ a b Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. veado
12. ^ Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. veado
13. ^ a b c d e Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. veado
14. ^ a b c d e f Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. veado
15. ^ Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. veado
16. ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. veado
17. ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. viado
18. ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. viado