repeta

Forms

repeta (third-person singular present repetă or, dated, repetează, past participle repetat, third-person subjunctive repete or, dated, repeteze), 1st conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French répéter, with German repetieren beside it in DEX, DLR and MDN, with the French and German model side by side.^[2][3][4][5] DER and Wiktionary give French alone,^[6][1] DN French, compared with the Latin verb,^[7] and Tiktin a New Latin loan from repetere, partly through other languages.^[8] Negulici in 1848 entered it as repetare and repetire with the Latin form beside them.^[9]

The old variant repeți was adapted, DER says, to the verb peți, which continues the simple Latin verb.^[6][10] Older texts also have the forms repetui, repetirui and repetălui.^[8][3] The French verb was borrowed in the early 13th century from the Latin verb, “to seek again, go back to, recount”, a compound of re- and petō (“to seek”).^[11]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is in Șincai's primer of 1783, which also has the form repetălui.^[8] MDA2 and DLR open with an undated text, Învățătură, where the verb is glossed by a poftori “to repeat”.^[5][3]

Semantic evolution

The first sense, to say or do again, is the oldest; a periodical of 1834 already uses it of an idea repeated a thousand times.^[3] The school senses “to go over a lesson” and “to repeat a year” and the theatre sense “to rehearse a part” follow the French ones.^[2][7] The reflexive a se repeta “to happen again” is in Eminescu.^[8] The present tense varied in the 19th century between repet and repetez (Alexandrescu's Oltul repetează), and DLR quotes both.^[3][5]

Timeline

• 1783 – the first dated record, in Șincai's primer, with repetălui.^[8]
• 1834 – repetează in a periodical.^[3]
• 1848 – repetare, repetire in Negulici's dictionary of neologisms.^[9]

Meanings

Verb

1. (transitive) To say, do or produce again, once or several times; to repeat.^[2][5]
2. (transitive) To read or say a text, a lesson again in order to learn it; specifically, to rehearse a part, a play or a piece of music.^[2]
3. (transitive, of pupils or students) To repeat a school year after failing it.^[2][5]
4. (reflexive) To happen again, to recur: Greșeala nu trebuie să se repete. “The mistake must not happen again.”^[2]

Word family

• repetent
• repetenție
• repetabil
• repetare

Related words

• repetiție
• peți

Usage notes

The present is repet, repeți, repetă; the dated repetez, repetează is still found in 19th-century writers.^[5][1]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 944
3. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. repeta
4. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. repeta
5. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 691
6. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. repeta
7. ^ a b Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. repeta
8. ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. repeta
9. ^ a b Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. repetare
10. ^ Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 74
11. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert