Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is from Latin meō (“to go, pass”) + -tus, the action-noun suffix. De Vaan reconstructs ⟨meō⟩ as Proto-Italic *mejo-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂mey- (“to exchange”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek μέταλλον (métallon, “mine, metal”). Köbler calls the further origin uncertain, perhaps Arabic. Pliny the Elder and Isidore explain it from Greek ⟨μετ' ἄλλα⟩ “after…

It is from Latin mittō (“to send, throw”) + -tus, a verbal noun of the fourth declension. De Vaan traces ⟨mittō⟩ to Proto-Italic *meit-e/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *m(e)ith₂- (“to exchange…

It is from Latin misceō (“to mix”) + -ūra (participle ⟨mixtus⟩). It is also spelled ⟨mistūra⟩.

It is from Latin nātus (“born”) + -īvus, from the participle of nāscor “to be born”. Nātus continues Proto-Italic *gnātos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget”).

It is from Latin nervus (“sinew, tendon”) + -ōsus. Medieval manuscripts sometimes spell it ⟨nervios-⟩.

It is perhaps borrowed from Ancient Greek γνώμων (gnṓmōn, “carpenter's square”), borrowed through Etruscan, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Lewis and Short derived it from ⟨*gnōrima⟩…

It is from Latin nūbilus (“cloudy”), its neuter, used as a noun, from nūbēs (“cloud”). De Vaan traces ⟨nūbēs⟩ to Proto-Italic *(s)nouþ-(i-), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ne/oudʰ-, with Welsh nudd as…

It is from Latin oblīvīscor (“to forget”) + -ium.

Its origin is unknown. It has long been compared with Sanskrit अपाक (ápāka-, “turned away”) and Russian опако (opako, “backwards”), but these go back to *h₂epo-h₃kʷ- and would give Latin *apōcus. De…

Wiktionary takes it as from Latin operor (“to work”), its perfect participle, but the OLD notes that it is apparently attested earlier than the verb and is probably from opera “work, effort” with…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ὀργανικός (organikós, “of instruments”), from ⟨órganon⟩ “tool, instrument”, Latin organum.

It is from Latin per- + moveō (“to move”). De Vaan traces ⟨moveō⟩ to Proto-Italic *mow(a)-, from Proto-Indo-European *mi̯ewh₁- (“to move”).

It is from Latin per- (“through”) + sedeō (“to sit”). De Vaan traces ⟨sedeō⟩ to Proto-Italic *sed-ē- (“to be seated”), from Proto-Indo-European *sed-eh₁- (“to be seated”).

It is from Latin per- + videō (“to see”). De Vaan traces ⟨videō⟩ to Proto-Italic *wid-ē- (“to see”), from Proto-Indo-European *wid-eh₁- (“to see”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *plāngō (“to hit”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂-n-g- (“to hit”), a nasal present of the root also in plāga “blow”. Cognate with Ancient Greek πλάζω…

It is a back-formation from Latin -plicō, from compound verbs such as applicō, complicō, explicō and implicō, which are older than the simple verb. De Vaan takes these as *-plek-ā-, verbs made from…

It is from Latin re- (“back, again”) + laxō (“to loosen”), from laxus “loose”.

It is from Latin re- (“back, again”) + mordeō (“to bite”).

Its origin is uncertain. It could be cognate with niteō “to shine”, if the root was *(H)ni(H)- “to shine” with different suffixes, and the TLL derives it from re- and a verb *nīdēre from an…

It is from Latin re- + parō (“to prepare, provide”).

It is from Latin re- (“again”) + pleō (“to fill”).

It is from Latin re- (“back”) + saliō (“to leap”), with the vowel weakened to ⟨i⟩.

It is from Latin resiliō (“to rebound”) + -tō, a frequentative. Wiktionary also allows a formation from re- and saltō “to dance, leap”.

It is from Latin rōbur (“hard oak; strength”) + -ō.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *(w)rōde/o-, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₃d- (“to gnaw, scrape”). The root etymology is uncertain: Schrijver compares Sanskrit रदति (rádati, “gnaws…

It is from Latin ruō (“to rush, collapse”) + -īna.

1. It is from Latin saliō (“to leap”) + -tus, the action suffix. 2. The forest pass is of uncertain origin; it is sometimes associated with saltus “leap”. Varro derived it from salvus, and Isidore…

1. This verb is from Latin satis (“enough”) + -ō, the verb suffix. De Vaan traces ⟨satis⟩ to Proto-Italic *sati- (“satiation”), from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂-ti- (“satisfaction”). 2. This noun is…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σάτυρος (sáturos, “satyr”). Köbler and Etymonline call the Greek word of unknown origin, perhaps a foreign word. Apuleius has the spelling Saturus.

It is from Latin signum (“sign, standard”) + -fer from ferō “to bear”. De Vaan traces ⟨signum⟩ to Proto-Italic *sekno- (“statue, sign”), Proto-Indo-European *sek(h₂)-no- (“cut”), from the root of…

It is from Latin singulāris (“single, unique”) + -ter, and that adjective is formed on singulus (“one at a time”).

It is from Latin spīrō (“to breathe”) + -culum. De Vaan reconstructs ⟨spīrō⟩ as Proto-Italic ⟨*spīr/s-⟩ and suggests it may imitate the sound of breathing, with no direct cognates.

It is from Latin stō (“to stand”) + -tiō. The verb is from Proto-Italic *sta-ē-je/o- (“to stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *sth₂-eh₁-ie/o- (“to stand”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek στύππη (stúppē, “tow”), which Wiktionary takes to be probably from Pre-Greek or another Mediterranean substrate. It is less correctly spelled ⟨stūpa⟩ and ⟨stīpa⟩…

It is apparently from Latin sub (“under”) + tēla (“web, warp”) + -is, originally a weaving term, “finely woven”.

It is from Latin sub- + *candō (“to set alight”), seen also in incendō and accendō, related to candeō “to glow”. De Vaan reconstructs ⟨candeō⟩ as Proto-Italic *kand-ē- (“to shine”), cognate with…

It is an inchoative inherited from Proto-Italic *swē(þ)-sk-e/o-, from a phrase *suē-dʰh₁- “to make one's own”, with the reflexive stem *swe- “self” and the root *dʰeh₁- “to put”. Cognate with…

It is a back-formation from Latin contemnō (“to despise”), the older compound, found from Plautus. Its origin is disputed: the sense “scorn” probably grew from a concrete one. Walde and Hofmann…

It is from Latin terreō (“to frighten”) + -ficus, a compound of terreō and faciō “to make”.

It is from Latin texō (“to weave”) + -tus, the suffix of action nouns. ⟨Texō⟩ is from Proto-Indo-European *teḱ- (“to fashion, make”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *tengō, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *teng- (“to make wet”). The variant tinguō arose by analogy with unguō “to anoint”. Cognate with Ancient Greek τέγγω…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos, “compass; turner's lathe”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, turn”).

It is from Latin torreō (“to parch, scorch”) + -idus. De Vaan traces ⟨torreō⟩ to Proto-Italic *tors-eje- (“to scorch”), Proto-Indo-European *tors-éye- (“to make dry”), cognate with Sanskrit तृष्यति…

It is from Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to tremble, tread”), a root, with the suffix -idus. The OLD compares Sanskrit तृप्र (tṛprá-, “anxious”), Old Church Slavonic трепетати (trepetati, “to…

The second element is unclear. De Vaan considers *tri-quadro-, with a noun *quadro- “rectangle, angle” (compare quadrus), though the sound changes would point to an early date, or a form of quater…

It has no good etymology. The OLD derives it from *wa-n-k-, as in convexus, comparing Sanskrit वञ्चति (vañcati, “moves to and fro”) and Sanskrit वक्र (vakrá, “crooked”).

It is from Latin vacuus (“empty”) + -ō. De Vaan reconstructs a Proto-Italic adjective ⟨*wako-⟩ “empty”, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁uh₂-ko-, behind vacō and ⟨vacuus⟩, with Umbrian ⟨anter.vakaze⟩…

It is from Latin vapor (“steam, vapour”) + -ō.

It is from Latin varius (“various, variegated”) + -ō, the verb suffix.

It is from Latin videō (“to see”) + -tus, the suffix of action nouns. Wiktionary derives it from Proto-Italic *weissus or *wissus, from Proto-Indo-European *wéydˢtus, from the root…

It is from Latin vīvō (“to live”) + -ēscō, an inchoative verb. De Vaan traces ⟨vīvō⟩ to Proto-Italic *gʷīwe/o- (“to live”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷíh₃-we/o- (“to live”).

It is from Latin vīvō (“to live”) + -idus.

It is the noun use from Latin volucer (“winged, flying”), from volō “to fly”. De Vaan reports the derivation of ⟨volō⟩ “to fly” from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelh₁- (“to throw”), originally perhaps “to…

It is from Latin abscīdō (“to cut off”), of which it is the perfect passive participle, used as an adjective. De Vaan lists the verb among the compounds of caedō (“to cut, hew”), which goes back to…

It is from Latin adiciō (“to throw to, add”) + -tiō. adiciō is a compound of ad (“to”) and iaciō (“to throw”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *jak-i- (“to throw”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin coerceō (“to confine, restrain”) + -tiō. That verb is a compound of com- and arceō (“to keep off, contain”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *ark-eje/o- (“to contain, keep out”) and…

It is formed from Latin commendō (“to entrust, recommend”) + -bilis.

It is from Latin con- + cremō (“to burn”). De Vaan thinks cremō is probably a denominative verb, but finds no convincing further connection.

It is from Latin cōnsors (“sharing, partner”) + -ium. That adjective joins con- and sors (“lot, share”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *sorti- (“joining, joint”) and Proto-Indo-European…