Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is from Latin ab- (“away from”) + orior (“to rise”), the opposite of ⟨orior⟩. De Vaan traces ⟨orior⟩ to Proto-Italic *or-i- (“to rise”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃r-i- (“to rise”).

It is from Latin ad- + oleō (“to feed (the fire)”), from Proto-Italic *oleje-, Proto-Indo-European *h₂ol-éye- (“to feed”), the causative of the root of alō “to nourish”. The LIV explains the shift…

It is from Latin ad- (“to”) + fingō (“to shape, invent”). De Vaan traces ⟨fingō⟩ to Proto-Italic *finge/o- (“to knead, form”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰi-n-ǵʰ-.

It is from a lost stative ⟨*aleō⟩ “to be growing up” with the inchoative suffix ⟨-scō⟩, and the OLD derives it from Latin alō (“to nourish”). De Vaan notes that ⟨adolēscere⟩ shows an earlier stative…

It is from Latin alō (“to nourish”) + -mentum. A spelling ⟨alumentum⟩ also occurs.

It is a compound from Latin āla (“wing”) + pēs (“foot”). Etymonline explains ⟨āla⟩ from ⟨*axla⟩, originally the joint of the wing or arm, from Proto-Indo-European *aks- (“axis”). De Vaan traces…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *anaslo- (“breath”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁-slo- (“a breathing”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”) of animus. Cognate…

It is from Latin animō (“to give life to”), its present participle, from anima (“breath, life”), used as an adjective and noun. De Vaan traces ⟨animus⟩ to Proto-Italic *anamo- (“breath, spirit”)…

It is from Latin ante- (“before”) + capiō (“to take”), formed as a first-conjugation verb from an unattested noun or adjective.

It is from Latin ad- (“to”) + sūmō (“to take”), and is also spelled ⟨adsūmō⟩. Etymonline analyses ⟨sūmō⟩ as ⟨sub⟩ and emō “to take”.

It is from Latin avārus (“greedy”) + -itiēs, a variant of avāritia. ⟨avārus⟩ is from aveō (“to long for”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *awē- (“to be eager”), from Proto-Indo-European…

Its origin is unknown. Wiktionary suggests Ancient Greek βλάπτω (bláptō, “to harm”), and the TLL Latvian blakts (“bug”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), itself from Akkadian 𒂵𒉡𒌑𒌝 (qanûm, “reed”). Compare Biblical Hebrew קָנֶה (qāne, “reed”).

It is from Latin canō (“to sing”) + -or. De Vaan traces ⟨canō⟩ to Proto-Italic *kan-e-, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂n-e- (“to sing”).

It is from Latin capiō (“to take, hold”) + -āx. The verb capiō is from Proto-Italic *kap-i- (“to seize”), which de Vaan derives from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂p-i- or from a non-Indo-European *kap-i-.

It is from Latin cavus (“hollow”) + -ō. De Vaan reconstructs ⟨cavus⟩ as Proto-Italic ⟨*kawo-⟩ from ⟨*kowó-⟩, Proto-Indo-European *ḱowH-ó- (“hollow”), cognate with Old Irish cúa (“hollow”) and…

It is from Latin circum- (“around”) + caedō (“to cut”).

It is from Latin coeō (“to come together”) + -tus, from con- and eō (“to go”). De Vaan traces ⟨eō⟩ to Proto-Italic *ei- (“to go”), Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”).

It is from Latin comes (“companion”) + -or, the verb suffix. De Vaan explains ⟨comes⟩ as ⟨com-⟩ with the root for “to go”, “one who goes with”.

It is from Latin con- + sors (“lot, share”). Sors is *sorti- (“joining”), from Proto-Indo-European *sr-ti- (“joining, joint”). Varro explains consortes as those who have the same lot.

It is from Latin cōnstō (“to stand together, stand firm”), its present participle, used as an adjective.

It is from Latin contingō (“to touch”) + -ium, on the root of the verb, itself from con- and tangō, as a byform of contāgiō; like it, it lacks the nasal of the present stem.

1. This contentus is from Latin contendō (“to stretch, strain”), its perfect participle, used as an adjective. 2. It is from Latin contineō (“to hold together, contain”), its perfect participle…

It is from Latin contexō (“to weave together”) + -tus, from con- and texō “to weave”.

It is from Latin con- (“together”) + volvō (“to roll”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κόφινος (kóphinos, “basket”), whose further origin Köbler calls unclear. Isidore describes it as a vessel of twigs for clearing dung and carrying earth.

It is from Latin creō (“to create”) + -trīx, the feminine of creātor. De Vaan reconstructs ⟨creō⟩ as Proto-Italic *krē-jā-.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *kristā-, from Proto-Indo-European *kris-th₂-, from the same stem *kris- “crest, plume, hair” as crīnis “hair” and crispus “curly”. Wiktionary traces it to the root…

It is a learned borrowed from Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”). Feminine forms ⟨crystallus⟩, ⟨crystallos⟩ are found in Cinna, Propertius, Lucan and Pliny the…

The adjective is from Latin dēspiciō (“to look down on, despise”), its participle, and the noun is from the same verb with the suffix -tus.

It is from Latin dīluō (“to wash away”) + -iēs, from dis- and luō; compare illuviēs. De Vaan traces ⟨luō⟩ “to loosen” to Proto-Italic *luwe/o-, Proto-Indo-European *lewH- (“to cut loose”), cognate…

It is from Latin dis- (“apart”) + moveō (“to move”). De Vaan traces ⟨moveō⟩ to Proto-Italic *mow(a)-, from Proto-Indo-European *mi̯ewh₁- (“to move”).

It is from Latin dis- (“apart”) + emō (“to take”), in its old sense, with /s/ becoming /r/ between vowels (⟨*disemō⟩). De Vaan traces ⟨emō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *h₁em- (“to take”).

It is from Latin dis- (“apart”) + caedō (“to cut”). De Vaan traces ⟨caedō⟩ to Proto-Italic *kaid-e/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂id- (“to cut, hew”).

It is from Latin dis- (“apart”) + claudō (“to shut”). De Vaan traces ⟨claudō⟩ to Proto-Italic *klaud-e/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u-d- (“to shut”).

It is from Latin distāns + -ia, ⟨distāns⟩ being the present participle of distō “to stand apart”. An inscription has ⟨-ncia⟩.

It is from Latin distinguō (“to separate, distinguish”), its participle.

The OLD takes it as a back-formation from Latin efferō (“to make wild”), and the Thesaurus as formed from ⟨efferātus⟩ after ferus “wild”, and Wiktionary and Gaffiot analyse it as ex- and ⟨ferus⟩. De…

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + stō (“to stand”). De Vaan traces ⟨stō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *sth₂-éh₁-ye- (“to stand”).

It is from Latin famulus (“servant”), its feminine. De Vaan traces ⟨famulus⟩ to Proto-Italic *famelos (“slave”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁-m-elo- (“foundation”).

It is from a stem *farsti-, from Proto-Italic *farstjagjom, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérstis, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- (“tip, point”). Cognate with Sanskrit भृष्टि (bhṛṣṭi, “point”), Old…

It is from Latin fera (“wild beast”) + -īnus or from ferus “wild”. De Vaan traces ⟨ferus⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰweh₁r- (“wild animal”).

It is from Latin ferveō (“to boil, be hot”) + -or. De Vaan traces ⟨ferveō⟩ to Proto-Italic *ferwe/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeru- (“to be hot, boil”).

It is from Latin flectō (“to bend”) + -ūra. De Vaan reconstructs ⟨flectō⟩ as Proto-Italic *flek-t-, perhaps with a suffix ⟨*-t-⟩ on the model of ⟨plectō⟩; the root has no obvious Indo-European…

It is from Latin fluō (“to flow”) + -idus. Lucretius and Seneca have ⟨fluvidus⟩.

It is from Latin fōrma (“form, shape”) + -ō, the verb suffix. Some connect ⟨fōrma⟩ with Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ, “shape”).

It is from Latin genus + -ālis (⟨generis⟩ “kind, class”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *gloiten (“glue”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gloh₁i-t- (“slime, glue”), from Proto-Indo-European *gleyH- (“to stick, smear”). De Vaan notes that its…

It is from Latin gradior (“to step, walk”) + -tus, an action noun. The vowel ⟨e⟩ comes from the compounds such as aggressus and ⟨congressus⟩. De Vaan traces ⟨gradior⟩ to Proto-Italic ⟨*grad-(e)i-⟩…

It is from Latin habeō (“to have, hold”) + -tus, the suffix of action nouns. Isidore says it is named from having, as having knowledge in the mind or clothing on the body.

Schrijver, followed by de Vaan, explains it as an early denominative from Proto-Italic *anaslo- (“breath”), a noun, Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁-slo- (“a breathing”), from the root…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἁρμονία (harmonía, “joining, agreement, concord of sounds”), from the root of ἁρμός (harmós, “joint”), Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to fit together”).

Its origin is uncertain. Pokorny and Meiser derived it from the root *gʰed- “to grasp” of prehendō, as “the clinging one”, through a stem *hedes-o-, and Festus explained that ivy holds fast to…

It is from Latin horreō (“to bristle, shudder”) + -ficus (“making”), from faciō. De Vaan traces ⟨horreō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰr̥s-éh₁- (“to be stiff”). Etymonline glosses it literally “making…

It is from Latin in- (“in, into”) + spīrō (“to breathe”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *juwnko-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂iu-h₁n-ḱo- (“young one, young animal”), a derivative in *-ḱo- of the word in iuvenis “young”. The ⟨-enc-⟩ for…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *lakeros (“torn, ragged”), from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂k- (“to tear”). Meiser reconstructs *lh₂k-ero-, while Melchert takes it as an adjective *laki-ro- “torn”…

It is from Latin laxus (“wide, loose”) + -ō, the verbal suffix. Laxus is reconstructed from Proto-Indo-European *lag-so- (“slack”).

It is a compound from Latin liqueō (“to be liquid”) + faciō (“to make”). De Vaan traces ⟨liqueō⟩ to Proto-Italic *(w)likʷ-ē- (“to be liquid”), probably the old stative of the root of līquī.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek μάγνης (mágnēs, “magnet”), perhaps the same as Μάγνης (Mágnēs, “Magnesian”), after Magnesia, where the stone was found. Lucretius says the Greeks named it from its…