Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is from Latin cōnsternō (“to dismay, alarm”) + -tiō. Festus explained it from sneezing, because it is a sudden agitation from fear that shakes the whole body.

It is from Latin convīva (“guest”) + -ālis. Lewis & Short connect it instead with convīvium (“dinner party”). De Vaan lists both nouns among the derivatives of vīvō (“to live”), which goes back to…

It is from Latin Corsica, and Lewis and Short and Georges list it among the adjectives formed from the island's name.

It is from Latin cūnctāns (“delaying, hesitating”) + -ter, from the present participle of cūnctor (“to delay”). De Vaan traces that verb to Proto-Italic *konkito- (“hanging”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin dē- + honestō (“to honour”). The TLL derives it from dē and honestus (“honourable”), comparing the simple verb. De Vaan explains the adjective as formed on the stem of honōs…

It is from Latin dēferō (“to bring down, report, denounce”) + -tor, formed on the participle ⟨dēlātus⟩. The verb is dē- with ferō (“to carry”), whose participle stem comes from another root; de Vaan…

It is from Latin dēsideō (“to sit idle”). That verb is a compound of dē- and sedeō (“to sit”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *sed-ē- (“to be seated”) and Proto-Indo-European *sed-eh1- (“to be…

It is from Latin dēstinātus, its neuter, used as a noun, the participle of dēstinō (“to fix, determine”). De Vaan lists dēstinō among the derivatives of stō “to stand”, with the meaning “to arrange…

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin dēstituō (“to set down; to abandon”).

It is from Latin dexter (“right, on the right”) + -tās. dexter goes back to Proto-Italic *dekstero- and Proto-Indo-European *deḱs-tero- (“right, right-hand side”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek δρομάς (dromás, “running”), short for the phrase δρομὰς κάμηλος (dromàs kámēlos, “running camel”). Etymonline takes the Greek from δρόμος (drómos, “race course”)…

It is from Latin ex- + mollis (“soft”) with the verbal suffix ⟨-iō⟩, or the compound of molliō (“to soften”) with the prefix. De Vaan traces mollis to Proto-Italic *moldu- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin ex- + vulgō (“to make public”). That verb is formed on vulgus (“the common people”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *wolgo- or Proto-Italic *welgos-, with no further etymology.

It is from Latin ex- + acerbō (“to make bitter”), and the base verb is formed on the adjective acerbus (“bitter, harsh”).

It is from Latin ex- (“out of”) + auctōrō (“to bind oneself by contract, hire oneself out”). The TLL explains it as releasing someone from the engagement (auctōrāmentum), the oath or the office. The…

It is from Latin ex- + satiō (“to satisfy”). De Vaan lists ⟨satiāre⟩, attested from Lucretius, among the derivatives of satis (“enough”), which goes back to Proto-Indo-European *sh₂-ti-…

It is from Latin fatīgō (“to tire, weary”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin flūctuō (“to move in waves, waver”) + -tiō. The verb is made from flūctus (“wave”), from fluō (“to flow”).

It is from Latin imāgō (“image, likeness”) + -ārius.

It is from Latin immodicus + -ē. The adjective is a compound of in- (“not”) and modicus (“moderate”), from modus (“measure, limit”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *medo- (“measure…

It is from Latin in- + penetrābilis (“penetrable”), with the negative prefix. penetrābilis is formed from penetrō (“to penetrate”).

It is from Latin impotēns (“powerless; unrestrained”) + -ter. The adjective is formed from potēns (“powerful”), which de Vaan derives from the stative verb Proto-Italic *pot-ē- (“to be master”)…

It is from Latin in- + auspicātus (“having taken the auspices”). The participle belongs to auspicor (“to take the auspices”), from auspex (“augur, bird-diviner”), which de Vaan lists among the…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + dēfēnsus (“defended”), the past participle of dēfendō (“to ward off, defend”). That verb contains -fendō, which de Vaan traces to Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen-dʰ- (“to…

It is from Latin in- + habilis (“manageable, fit”).

It is from Latin in- + nōtēscō (“to become known”). The simple verb belongs to the family of nōscō (“to get to know”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *gnōske- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin īnsector (“to pursue, harry”) + -tiō. De Vaan lists īnsector among the derivatives of sequor (“to follow”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *sekʷ-e/o- (“to follow”) and…

It is from Latin in- + sociābilis (“easily joined”). The adjective sociābilis is formed on sociō (“to join, associate”), from socius (“companion”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *sokjo- and…

It is from Latin inter- + fluō (“to flow”). De Vaan traces fluō to Proto-Italic *flow-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *bʰleuH- (“to flow (over)”), comparing Ancient Greek φλέω (phléō, “to abound”) and…

It is from Latin inter- + iaceō (“to lie”). De Vaan explains iaceō as the stative partner of iaciō (“to throw”), “to be thrown down”, hence “to lie”, and traces it to Proto-Italic *jak-ē- (“to lie…

It is from Latin irrītō (“to provoke, excite”) + -tiō, a noun of action. De Vaan takes that verb to be probably a denominative from Proto-Italic *rīto- (“stirred”), from Proto-Indo-European…

It is formed from Latin lectus (“couch”) + sternō (“to spread”) with the suffix ⟨-ium⟩. Augustine explains the name: couches were spread in honour of the gods. Compare sellisternium, a similar rite…

It is from Latin nāvigō (“to sail”) + -bilis, and the verb is formed from nāvis (“ship”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *nau- and Proto-Indo-European *neh₂-u- (“ship”). De Vaan takes this as…

It is from Latin ob- (“towards, against”) + equitō (“to ride”). The verb is made from eques (“horseman”), which de Vaan derives from equus (“horse”), from Proto-Italic *ekwo- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin ob- + īrāscor (“to be angry”). The TLL glosses it as being angry in return or against someone.

It is from Latin oboediēns (“obedient”) + -ter. De Vaan lists the verb oboediō (“to obey”) among the derivatives of audiō (“to hear”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *awizdje/o- (“to hear”), a…

It is from Latin ob- (“before, against”) + versor (“to move about”). versor is the deponent of versō (“to turn often”), a frequentative of vertō (“to turn”). Priscian records an active form obversō…

Used as an adjective, it is the perfect participle from Latin ōrdinō (“to arrange, put in order”). De Vaan explains that verb as a later denominative of ōrdō (“row, order”), made when the link…

It is from Latin per- + cūrō (“to take care of, treat”). De Vaan derives cūrō from cūra (“care”), which he takes from Proto-Italic *kʷois-ā- (“care, watch”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin per- (“through”) + rogō (“to ask”). De Vaan explains rogō as probably a verb made from a noun Proto-Italic *rogo-, either “directing oneself towards someone”, hence “request”, or an…

It is from Latin per- + sistō (“to cause to stand, set up”). De Vaan traces sistō to Proto-Italic *sista/o- and Proto-Indo-European *sti-sth2-(e/o-) (“to put up, make to stand”), a reduplicated…

It is from Latin populor (“to ravage, plunder”) + -tor. The verb is a derivative of populus (“people”); de Vaan thinks the sense “to devastate” grew out of the use “to have an army pass through”…

It is from Latin prae- (“very”) + ferōx (“fierce, bold”). De Vaan lists ferōx among the derivatives of ferus (“wild”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *χwero- and Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰueh₁r-…

It is from Latin prae- + longus (“long”). De Vaan traces longus to Proto-Italic *(d)longo- and Proto-Indo-European *dlongh-o-, one of several variants of a word for “long” in the Indo-European…

It is from Latin prae- + valēns (“strong”), and is also taken as the present participle of praevaleō (“to be very strong; to prevail”).

It is from Latin prōcōnsul (“proconsul”) + -āris.

It is from Latin quīntānus (“of the fifth”), the feminine used as a noun, perhaps with via (“street”) understood. That adjective is from quīntus (“fifth”) with the suffix -ānus. The street separated…

It is from Latin re- + bellō (“to wage war”), from bellum (“war”), older ⟨duellum⟩. Priscian instead took it as compounded with the noun, like imbellis and rebellis.

It is from Latin recognōscō (“to examine; to recognize”) + -tiō, a noun of action.

It is from Latin re- + pūrgō (“to clean”). De Vaan explains pūrgō as a contraction of pūrigō, built on pūrus (“clean”) and agō (“to drive, do”).

1. The adjective for “lying far back” is the past participle from Latin retrahō (“to draw back”) used as an adjective. 2. The noun for “drawing back” is from Latin retrahō (“to draw back”) + -tus.

It is from Latin rudis (“rough, raw, untrained”) + -mentum. De Vaan gives two competing etymologies for rudis: a link with Old High German grioz (“sand, gravel”) and Lithuanian grúdas (“corn”)…

It is from Latin sēdūcō (“to lead aside”): its past participle, used as an adjective. That verb is a compound of sē- (“apart”) and dūcō (“to lead”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *douk-e- and…

The origin is disputed. It has traditionally been related to sēmen (“seed”), but Weiss rejects the link as implausible in meaning, since nothing ties the god to seeds. Osthoff and Weiss each…

It is from Latin super- (“over”) + fundō (“to pour”). De Vaan traces fundō to Proto-Italic *χund- and Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰu-n-d- (“to pour”).

It is from Latin super- + gradior (“to step, walk”). De Vaan traces gradior to Proto-Italic *grad-(e)i- and Proto-Indo-European *g(h)rd(h)-(e)i-.

It is from Latin super- (“over, above”) + pōnō (“to place”). De Vaan derives pōnō from an older ⟨*po-sinō⟩ “to put down”, a compound of sinō (“to let, allow”), and traces super to…

It is formed from Latin suō (“to sew”) + -tūra.

It is from Latin torpeō (“to be numb, stiff”) + -idus. The verb goes back to Proto-Italic *torp-ē- (“to be stiff”) and Proto-Indo-European *trp-eh₁- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Lithuanian tir̃pti…

It is from Latin trānsfugiō (“to desert to the enemy”) + -ium. That verb is a compound of fugiō (“to flee”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Indo-European *bʰug-i- (“to flee”).