satio

satio¹ to satisfy

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [ˈsa.ti.oː]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsat.t͡si.o]^[1]

Forms

satiō (present infinitive satiāre, perfect active satiāvī, supine satiātum); first conjugation^[1]

Etymology

This verb is from satis “enough” with the verb suffix -ō.^[2][1][3] De Vaan traces ⟨satis⟩ to Proto-Italic *sati- (“satiation”), from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂-ti- (“satisfaction”).^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citation is from Lucretius, of lambs that have had their fill.^[2] Köbler dates Lucretius 96–55 BC.^[5]

Semantic evolution

It meant to satisfy hunger or thirst; to fill to repletion, as in Cicero; to satisfy a person or the senses, to gratify desires; and to sate, to weary, as when Cicero says Cato's speech could never tire him.^[2]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to satisfy, nourish, fill, feed.^[6] It survives in Italian saziare and Spanish saciar, and its participle gave English satiate in the mid-15th century.^[1][3]

Timeline

• 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it.^[2][5]
• 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of being sated.^[2][5]
• mid-15th century – English satiate is recorded.^[3]

Meanings

Verb

1. To satisfy hunger or thirst, to feed full.^[2]
2. To fill to repletion.^[2]
3. To satisfy, satiate, content; to gratify.^[2]
4. To sate, weary.^[2]

Word family

• exsatiō
• insatiātus
• satiābilis
• satiātiō
• satietās

satio² sowing

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [ˈsa.ti.oː]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsat.t͡si.o]^[1]

Forms

satiō f (genitive satiōnis); third declension^[1]

Etymology

This noun is from serō “to sow” (participle ⟨satus⟩) with the suffix -tiō.^[2][1] De Vaan traces ⟨serō⟩ to Proto-Italic *si-se/o- (“to sow”), from Proto-Indo-European *si-sh₁-e/o-.^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Lewis & Short and Gaffiot cite Cicero and Varro.^[7][8] Köbler dates Varro 116–27 BC and Cicero 81–43 BC.^[5]

Semantic evolution

It was the act of sowing or planting, a method of planting, and what is sown, the crop, as in Cicero.^[2][7] Isidore explained it as “the action of seed”.^[9]

Medieval Latin used it for a growing crop, a cornfield, sowing time and a furlong.^[10] Its accusative ⟨satiōnem⟩, “sowing time”, gave Old French saison, Spanish sazón and English season (about 1300); in Vulgar Latin the sense had shifted from sowing to sowing time.^[1][3]

Timeline

• 116–27 BC – Varro uses it.^[7][5]
• 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of sowing.^[7][5]

Meanings

Noun

1. Sowing, planting.^[2]
2. What is sown, a crop.^[2]
3. (Medieval Latin) Sowing time; a cornfield.^[10]

Related words

• satiās
• satis
• satisfaciō
• satius
• sator
• serō
• English satiate
• English season

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b c d Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
4. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
5. ^ a b c d e f Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
6. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
7. ^ a b c d Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
8. ^ Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
9. ^ Isidore of Seville, Etymologiarum sive Originum libri XX, ed. W. M. Lindsay (Oxford, 1911).
10. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill