resilio

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [rɛˈsɪ.li.oː]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [reˈs̬iː.li.o]^[1]

Forms

resiliō (present infinitive resilīre, perfect active resiluī, supine resultum); fourth conjugation, impersonal in the passive^[1]

Etymology

It is from re- (“back”) and saliō “to leap”, with the vowel weakened to ⟨i⟩.^[2][1][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's first citations are from Lucretius, of recoiling and rebounding.^[2] Köbler dates Lucretius 96–55 BC.^[4]

Semantic evolution

It meant to jump or spring back, as in Livy, and in law to withdraw from a transaction, as in Ulpian.^[2] It meant to recoil in horror, shrink from an idea, as in Lucretius, of things to bounce back, rebound, to spring back under tension, and in Ovid to shrink back to a smaller size.^[2] Lewis and Short call it rare but Classical, and Claudius Quadrigarius has the perfect resiliit.^[5]

French résilier comes from it.^[1] English resile was borrowed in the 1520s, and English resilience comes from its participle in the 1620s.^[3] Its frequentative resultō “to rebound” is the source of English result.^[3]

Timeline

• 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of rebounding.^[2][4]
• 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of springing back.^[2][4]
• before 223 AD – Ulpian uses it of withdrawing from a deal.^[2][4]
• 1620s – English resilience is recorded.^[3]

Meanings

Verb

1. To spring back, jump back.^[2]
2. To withdraw (from a transaction).^[2]
3. To recoil, shrink (from).^[2]
4. To rebound, bounce back.^[2]
5. To shrink back (in size).^[2]

Word family

• resultō

Related words

• saliō
• English resilience
• English result

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b c d Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
4. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
5. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press