advenio

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [adˈwɛ.ni.oː]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [adˈvɛː.ni.o]^[1]

Forms

adveniō (present infinitive advenīre, perfect active advēnī, supine adventum); fourth conjugation, impersonal in the passive^[1]

Etymology

It is from ad- (“to”) and veniō “to come”.^[2][1][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's first citations are from Livius Andronicus, of a day arriving, and Ennius, of arriving.^[2] Naevius has praetor advenit “the praetor arrives”.^[4] Köbler dates Livius Andronicus 280/260–before 200 BC.^[5]

Semantic evolution

It meant to come to, arrive at, reach, as Plautus' arrivals from the country or Athens, and in the present participle “on arriving”.^[2][6] It meant to be imported from abroad, of ships to put in, of possessions to come into someone's hands, as in Sallust, of conditions to set in, arise, and of dates to come.^[2]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to come, happen.^[7] It survives in Italian avvenire and French avenir “future”.^[1] Its participle gave Old French avenue “arrival”, whence English avenue about 1600, and the future participle adventūra “things about to happen” gave English adventure about 1200.^[3] English advent comes from its noun adventus.^[3]

Timeline

• 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it of a day arriving.^[2][5]
• c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it of a praetor arriving.^[4][5]
• c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of arrivals.^[2][5]
• c. 1200 – English adventure is recorded.^[3]

Meanings

Verb

1. To arrive, come (to), reach.^[2]
2. To be imported.^[2]
3. (of ships) To put in.^[2]
4. To come into one's possession.^[2]
5. (of conditions) To set in, arise.^[2]
6. (of times) To come.^[2]

Related words

• veniō
• adventus
• English adventure
• English advent
• English avenue

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b c d Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
4. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
5. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
6. ^ Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
7. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson