venit

Forms

venit n (plural venituri)^[1] Old texts also have a feminine venită: „așa va fi și venita fiiului omenesc” “so shall also the coming of the Son of man be” (Matthew 24:39).^[2]

Etymology

It is the past participle of the verb, used as a noun: from Romanian veni (“to come”).^{[3][4][2][5][1]} Ciorănescu lists it among the derivatives of the verb, with the senses “coming, arrival” and “gain, rent”.^[6] The verb continues Latin veniō (“to come”).^[1] Scriban saw the sense “income” as modelled on French revenu.^[7]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first records are in the Codicele Voronețean (c. 1563–1583), with the sense “coming”: „rebdați amu, frați, până la venitul Domnului” “be patient, brothers, until the coming of the Lord” (James 5:7).^[2][4] The 16th-century psalters use it for a newcomer or stranger: Coresi's psalter of 1570 has „văduva și săracul omorâră și venitul uciseră” “they killed the widow and the poor, and slew the stranger” (Psalm 93:6).^[5][8]

Semantic evolution

As a noun of action venit meant “coming, arrival”, and in Christian texts the Coming of Christ: the first coming was the Incarnation, the second the return for the Last Judgement.^[4][5] The greeting bun venit “welcome” keeps this sense.^[5][7]

The sense “income” is also old.^[5] A document of 1593 gives an estate „cu venit” “with its income”, and the documents of the 17th century speak of land given with all its venit.^[5] In the Slavonic–Romanian lexicons of the 1660s venituri glosses Slavonic “gains”.^[9] The Bible of 1688 has „veniturile pământului tău” “the fruits of your land” (Deuteronomy 28:33).^[10][5] The plural venituri belongs to this sense.^[4] Modern economic language added venit național “national income”.^[3]

The participle used as a noun for a person, “newcomer, stranger”, is now mostly limited to nou-venit “newcomer”.^[5][3] The Lexicon de la Buda of 1825 lists both nouns: venitu, plural -uri, “income”, and venitu, plural -ți, “stranger”.^[11]

Timeline

• c. 1563–1583 – “coming” in the Codicele Voronețean.^[4][2]
• 1570 – “stranger” in Coresi's psalter (Psalm 93:6).^[8][5]
• 1593 – “income” of an estate, in a document.^[5]
• c. 1660–1670 – venituri as a gloss of Slavonic “gains”.^[9]
• 1688 – veniturile pământului “the fruits of the land” in the Bucharest Bible.^[10]
• 1825 – both nouns, “income” and “stranger”, in the Lexicon de la Buda.^[11]
• 1886 – Barcianu's dictionary glosses venit, plural venituri, as German Einkommen “income” and venit anual “yearly income”.^[12]

Meanings

Noun

1. income, revenue: what is earned from an activity, an investment or a property; câștig, beneficiu.^[3] Venit național: national income.^[3][13]
2. (dated) Coming, arrival; in Christian use, the Coming of Christ.^[4][5] Bun venit! “Welcome!”^[4][5]
3. (masculine and feminine) A person who comes or presents himself somewhere;^[3][5] nou-venit “newcomer”;^[3][5] (old) a stranger.^[3][5]

Related words

• veni
• venire
• nou-venit

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. venit
3. ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1192
4. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1456
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. venit
6. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. veni
7. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1399
8. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 93:6
9. ^ a b Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. venituri
10. ^ a b Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Deuteronomy 28:33
11. ^ a b Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 749
12. ^ Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 686
13. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. venit