Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Italian word avvenire

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1175–1200 Proverbia que dicuntur, a Venetian text More words from the 12th century
Inherited from
Latin advenio
Ultimate origin
Latin veniō
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin veniō
Aromanian yin
French venir
Italian venire
Spanish venir
Latin adveniō
Italian avvenire
From the same root
Latin anteveniō ← veniō
Latin circumveniō ← veniō
Latin dēveniō ← veniō
Latin ēveniō ← veniō
Latin interveniō ← veniō
Latin inveniō ← veniō
Latin obveniō ← veniō
Latin perveniō ← veniō
Latin praeveniō ← veniō
Latin prōveniō ← veniō
Latin reveniō ← veniō
Latin subveniō ← veniō
Latin superveniō ← veniō
Latin ventito ← veniō
French avenir ← venir
French venu ← venir
Italian venuta ← venire
Latin advena ← adveniō
Latin adventicius ← adveniō
Latin advento ← adveniō
Latin adventus ← adveniō

Pronunciation

  • /av.veˈni.re/[1]

Forms

avvenire (first-person singular present avvèngo, first-person singular past historic avvénni or avvènni, past participle avvenùto, first-person singular future avverrò, auxiliary èssere)[1]

Etymology

The verb is inherited from Latin advenīre (“to arrive, reach”), formed from ad- (“to”) and veniō (“to come”).[2][3][4][5] The same verb is Old French advenir, Old Occitan advenir, Old Spanish avenir, Old Portuguese avir and Sardinian avvènnere (“to suit”).[3][6][7]

The Latin sense “to arrive” survives in only a few Romance languages, and in a few Old Italian uses.[8] The sense “to happen” is an innovation of Church Latin, where adveniō took the meaning of ēveniō (“to happen”), as in the Vulgate's Proverbs 1:26; the sense “to suit, be fitting” probably goes back to spoken Latin.[8][2] The Old Italian avvenente “comely” was borrowed from Occitan through the Sicilian poets.[8]

The adjective and the noun “future” are from Italian a venire (“to come”), the phrase written as one word with the doubling of the consonant.[2][3][4][9] Zingarelli derives them from the verb.[10] French avenir, recorded as a noun in 1539, is a parallel formation.[11]

Earliest recorded meaning

The TLIO's first record of the verb is in the Proverbia que dicuntur, a Venetian text of the last quarter of the 12th century.[12] DELI first finds avenire, “to happen”, in Giacomo da Lentini before 1250, and avvenire in Dante in 1294.[2] The adjective is first found in Brunetto Latini's canzone of 1260–1266, and DELI dates it to 1288 in the translation of Egidius Romanus.[12][2]

Semantic evolution

Old Italian kept other senses of the verb: “to arrive”, “to gather”, “to become”, and of plants “to grow”.[8][13] The reflexive avvenirsi meant “to come upon by chance” and “to suit”, as in Boccaccio's girl who s'avvenne in un luogo fra gli scogli riposto.[14][15][16] The subjunctive avvegna gave the old conjunctions avvegnaché and avvegnadioché, “although”.[13][4]

The noun “the future” is first recorded in Boccaccio in 1353, in per l'avvenire.[2][11] The plural gli avvenire, “posterity”, is literary: Leopardi asks fate whether it keeps something agli avvenir.[15][17] The derivatives avvenirista (1880), avvenirismo (1908) and avveniristico (1917, Gramsci) express faith in the future.[2]

Timeline

  • Last quarter of the 12th century – The Proverbia que dicuntur have the verb.[12]
  • Before 1250 – Giacomo da Lentini uses avenire.[2]
  • 1260–1266 – Brunetto Latini has the adjective.[12]
  • 1288 – The translation of Egidius Romanus uses the adjective.[2]
  • 1294 – Dante uses avvenire.[2]
  • 1304–1308 – Dante uses avvenimento for an event.[2]
  • 1353 – Boccaccio uses the noun.[2]
  • 1917 – Gramsci uses avveniristico.[2]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To happen, occur, take place: Il furto avvenne di notte.[4][18][9]
  2. (impersonal) To happen (that): Avviene spesso che...[4][18]
  3. (archaic, pronominal: avvenirsi) To come upon, chance upon.[14][10][15]
  4. (archaic or Tuscan, pronominal) To suit, be fitting.[14][18][16]

Adjective

  1. Future, to come: le stagioni avvenire.[4][14][10]

Noun

  1. The future: in avvenire, per l'avvenire, from now on.[4][14][9]
  2. One's fate or future life; prospects, future well-being: un mestiere senza avvenire.[4][14][15]
  3. (literary, plural) posterity.[4][15][1]

Word family

  • avvenimento
  • avvenirismo
  • avvenirista
  • avveniristico
  • avvenevole
  • disavvenire

Usage notes

The verb is conjugated like venire and takes essere.[10][15] The adjective may also be written a venire.[18][10][1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Cortelazzo, Manlio; Zolli, Paolo (1999), Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd ed. by Manlio Cortelazzo and Michele A. Cortelazzo, Bologna: Zanichelli
  3. ^ a b c Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i De Mauro, Tullio (ed.) (2003), Grande dizionario italiano dell'uso, CD-ROM version 2.0, Torino: UTET
  5. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  6. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
  7. ^ Pfister, Max; Schweickard, Wolfgang; Prifti, Elton (eds.) (1979–), Lessico Etimologico Italiano, Wiesbaden: Reichert; online at lei-digitale.it
  8. ^ a b c d Pfister, Max; Schweickard, Wolfgang; Prifti, Elton (eds.) (1979–), Lessico Etimologico Italiano, Wiesbaden: Reichert; online at lei-digitale.it, p. 1, 889
  9. ^ a b c Vocabolario della lingua italiana Treccani (2011), Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana
  10. ^ a b c d e Zingarelli, Nicola (2009), Lo Zingarelli 2010: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Bologna: Zanichelli
  11. ^ a b Battisti, Carlo; Alessio, Giovanni (1950–1957), Dizionario etimologico italiano, 5 vols., Firenze: Barbèra (reprint 1975), p. 381
  12. ^ a b c d Tesoro della Lingua Italiana delle Origini (1997–), Opera del Vocabolario Italiano, CNR, Firenze; tlio.ovi.cnr.it
  13. ^ a b Prati, Angelico (1951), Vocabolario etimologico italiano, Milano: Garzanti, p. 89
  14. ^ a b c d e f Devoto, Giacomo; Oli, Gian Carlo; Serianni, Luca; Trifone, Maurizio (2026), Nuovo Devoto–Oli: il vocabolario dell'italiano contemporaneo, digital ed., Milano: Le Monnier
  15. ^ a b c d e f Duro, Aldo (ed.) (1986–1994), Vocabolario della lingua italiana, Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana; online ed. treccani.it/vocabolario (2008 copy)
  16. ^ a b Gabrielli, Aldo (2020), Grande dizionario italiano, digital ed., Milano: Hoepli
  17. ^ Tommaseo, Niccolò; Bellini, Bernardo (1861–1879), Dizionario della lingua italiana, 4 vols., Torino: UTET
  18. ^ a b c d Sabatini, Francesco; Coletti, Vittorio; Manfredini, Manuela (2026), Dizionario italiano Sabatini Coletti, digital ed., Milano: Sansoni / Rizzoli Larousse

Related etymologies

  • no · also from Latin
  • cosa · also from Latin
  • a · also from Latin
  • mio · also from Latin
  • uno · also from Latin
  • si · also from Latin
  • sapere · also from Latin
  • fare · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Avvenire.” Etymologically, 10 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/it/avvenire. Accessed 11 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·