Etymology and origin of the Italian word avvenire
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1175–1200 Proverbia que dicuntur, a Venetian text More words from the 12th century
- Inherited from
- Latin advenio
- Ultimate origin
- Latin veniō
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
- /av.veˈni.re/[1]
Forms
avvenire (first-person singular present avvèngo, first-person singular past historic avvénni or avvènni, past participle avvenùto, first-person singular future avverrò, auxiliary èssere)[1]
Etymology
The verb is inherited from Latin advenīre (“to arrive, reach”), formed from ad- (“to”) and veniō (“to come”).[2][3][4][5] The same verb is Old French advenir, Old Occitan advenir, Old Spanish avenir, Old Portuguese avir and Sardinian avvènnere (“to suit”).[3][6][7]
The Latin sense “to arrive” survives in only a few Romance languages, and in a few Old Italian uses.[8] The sense “to happen” is an innovation of Church Latin, where adveniō took the meaning of ēveniō (“to happen”), as in the Vulgate's Proverbs 1:26; the sense “to suit, be fitting” probably goes back to spoken Latin.[8][2] The Old Italian avvenente “comely” was borrowed from Occitan through the Sicilian poets.[8]
The adjective and the noun “future” are from Italian a venire (“to come”), the phrase written as one word with the doubling of the consonant.[2][3][4][9] Zingarelli derives them from the verb.[10] French avenir, recorded as a noun in 1539, is a parallel formation.[11]
Earliest recorded meaning
The TLIO's first record of the verb is in the Proverbia que dicuntur, a Venetian text of the last quarter of the 12th century.[12] DELI first finds avenire, “to happen”, in Giacomo da Lentini before 1250, and avvenire in Dante in 1294.[2] The adjective is first found in Brunetto Latini's canzone of 1260–1266, and DELI dates it to 1288 in the translation of Egidius Romanus.[12][2]
Semantic evolution
Old Italian kept other senses of the verb: “to arrive”, “to gather”, “to become”, and of plants “to grow”.[8][13] The reflexive avvenirsi meant “to come upon by chance” and “to suit”, as in Boccaccio's girl who s'avvenne in un luogo fra gli scogli riposto.[14][15][16] The subjunctive avvegna gave the old conjunctions avvegnaché and avvegnadioché, “although”.[13][4]
The noun “the future” is first recorded in Boccaccio in 1353, in per l'avvenire.[2][11] The plural gli avvenire, “posterity”, is literary: Leopardi asks fate whether it keeps something agli avvenir.[15][17] The derivatives avvenirista (1880), avvenirismo (1908) and avveniristico (1917, Gramsci) express faith in the future.[2]
Timeline
- Last quarter of the 12th century – The Proverbia que dicuntur have the verb.[12]
- Before 1250 – Giacomo da Lentini uses avenire.[2]
- 1260–1266 – Brunetto Latini has the adjective.[12]
- 1288 – The translation of Egidius Romanus uses the adjective.[2]
- 1294 – Dante uses avvenire.[2]
- 1304–1308 – Dante uses avvenimento for an event.[2]
- 1353 – Boccaccio uses the noun.[2]
- 1917 – Gramsci uses avveniristico.[2]
Meanings
Verb
- To happen, occur, take place: Il furto avvenne di notte.[4][18][9]
- (impersonal) To happen (that): Avviene spesso che...[4][18]
- (archaic, pronominal: avvenirsi) To come upon, chance upon.[14][10][15]
- (archaic or Tuscan, pronominal) To suit, be fitting.[14][18][16]
Adjective
Noun
- The future: in avvenire, per l'avvenire, from now on.[4][14][9]
- One's fate or future life; prospects, future well-being: un mestiere senza avvenire.[4][14][15]
- (literary, plural) posterity.[4][15][1]
Word family
- avvenimento
- avvenirismo
- avvenirista
- avveniristico
- avvenevole
- disavvenire
Related words
Usage notes
The verb is conjugated like venire and takes essere.[10][15] The adjective may also be written a venire.[18][10][1]
References
- ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Cortelazzo, Manlio; Zolli, Paolo (1999), Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd ed. by Manlio Cortelazzo and Michele A. Cortelazzo, Bologna: Zanichelli
- ^ a b c Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier
- ^ a b c d e f g h i De Mauro, Tullio (ed.) (2003), Grande dizionario italiano dell'uso, CD-ROM version 2.0, Torino: UTET
- ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
- ^ Pfister, Max; Schweickard, Wolfgang; Prifti, Elton (eds.) (1979–), Lessico Etimologico Italiano, Wiesbaden: Reichert; online at lei-digitale.it
- ^ a b c d Pfister, Max; Schweickard, Wolfgang; Prifti, Elton (eds.) (1979–), Lessico Etimologico Italiano, Wiesbaden: Reichert; online at lei-digitale.it, p. 1, 889
- ^ a b c Vocabolario della lingua italiana Treccani (2011), Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana
- ^ a b c d e Zingarelli, Nicola (2009), Lo Zingarelli 2010: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Bologna: Zanichelli
- ^ a b Battisti, Carlo; Alessio, Giovanni (1950–1957), Dizionario etimologico italiano, 5 vols., Firenze: Barbèra (reprint 1975), p. 381
- ^ a b c d Tesoro della Lingua Italiana delle Origini (1997–), Opera del Vocabolario Italiano, CNR, Firenze; tlio.ovi.cnr.it
- ^ a b Prati, Angelico (1951), Vocabolario etimologico italiano, Milano: Garzanti, p. 89
- ^ a b c d e f Devoto, Giacomo; Oli, Gian Carlo; Serianni, Luca; Trifone, Maurizio (2026), Nuovo Devoto–Oli: il vocabolario dell'italiano contemporaneo, digital ed., Milano: Le Monnier
- ^ a b c d e f Duro, Aldo (ed.) (1986–1994), Vocabolario della lingua italiana, Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana; online ed. treccani.it/vocabolario (2008 copy)
- ^ a b Gabrielli, Aldo (2020), Grande dizionario italiano, digital ed., Milano: Hoepli
- ^ Tommaseo, Niccolò; Bellini, Bernardo (1861–1879), Dizionario della lingua italiana, 4 vols., Torino: UTET
- ^ a b c d Sabatini, Francesco; Coletti, Vittorio; Manfredini, Manuela (2026), Dizionario italiano Sabatini Coletti, digital ed., Milano: Sansoni / Rizzoli Larousse
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Avvenire.” Etymologically, 10 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/it/avvenire. Accessed 11 Nov. 2026.
Last edited on . ·