adveho

Forms

advehō (present infinitive advehere, perfect active advē̆xī, supine advectum); third conjugation^[1] Cato has the old form arvehō.^[2][3] Plautus has the short forms advexti and advexe.^[4]

Etymology

It is formed from ad- (“to, towards”) and vehō (“to carry”).^[2][3][1] Wiktionary notes that Umbrian 𐌀𐌛𐌅𐌄𐌉𐌕𐌖 (ařveitu, “let him add”) may point to a compound already in Proto-Italic.^[1][5] ⟨vehō⟩ goes back to Proto-Italic *weχ-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *ueǵʰ-e/o- (“to carry”), cognate with Sanskrit वहति (váhati, “carries, conveys”), Ancient Greek ὄχος (ókhos, “cart”), Lithuanian vèžti (“to carry”) and Old Church Slavonic вести (vesti, “to carry”).^[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

Plautus has a ship's captain who brought the girls, in the Miles gloriosus, and the ship that brought him, in the Amphitruo.^[2]

Semantic evolution

It is to convey or bring to a person or place, of carriers, ships, and wind and waves, as Virgil's fleet carried to the rocks of the Sirens.^[2][4] It is to bring from abroad or import, as Cicero's figs imported from Caunus, and of a season or occasion to bring round, as Horace's year bringing back a feast day.^[2][1]

In the passive it is to arrive by travel, to come by sea, as in Plautus' Menaechmi, to drive up, as Cicero's man who drove quickly to the city in a gig, and to ride up, as Livy's consul who rode at full gallop to that part of the battle.^[2][4]

Timeline

• c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of ships and captains bringing people.^[2][6]
• 234–149 BC – Cato uses the old form arvehō.^[2][6]
• 81–43 BC – Cicero of imported figs and of driving to Rome.^[2][6]
• 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of a consul riding up.^[2][6]

Meanings

Verb

1. To carry, convey, bring to.^[2][4][1]
2. To import.^[2][1]
3. (of a season or occasion) To bring round.^[2]
4. (passive) To arrive; to sail, drive or ride to a place.^[2][4]

Related words

• vehō
• invehō
• advectus

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
4. ^ a b c d e Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
5. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
6. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de