Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word încercare

Confidence
Established
Formation
Derivation
First attested
1835 Gorjan's Halima More words from the 19th century
Ultimate origin
Vulgar Latin *incircō
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Ancient Greek κρίκος (kríkos)
Latin circus
Romanian cerc
English circus
Latin circō
French chercher
Italian cercare
Romanian cerca
Romanian încerca
Romanian încercare
Spanish cercar
The word's journey
From the same root
Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos) ← κρίκος
Latin circiter ← circus
Latin circulus ← circus
Latin circum ← circus
Spanish cerca ← circō
Italian cerca ← cercare

Pronunciation

  • /ɨn.t͡ʃerˈka.re/[1]

Forms

încercare f (plural încercări)[1]

Etymology

It is the long infinitive of încerca (“to try”), formed from Romanian încerca + -re.[2][3][4][1] The verb is inherited from Vulgar Latin *incircō, from Latin circō (“to go around”).[1][2] The DA notes that the verb first meant “to put in a ring” and later took over most senses of the simple cerca;[5][6] Scriban records an old noun cercare beside it.[5][6]

Earliest recorded meaning

MDA2 and Tiktin date the first record to 1835, in Gherasim Gorjan's Halima, a Romanian version of Arabian tales.[3][4]

Semantic evolution

The noun follows the senses of the verb: a test or trial, an attempt, an experiment.[3][2] Costinescu's dictionary of 1870 has încercare de omor “attempted murder”.[7] Phrases include a pune la încercare “to put to the test” and piatră de încercare “touchstone”.[4][8] A writer's first work is an încercare, and in some titles the word renders “essay”.[9][2] Figuratively it is a trial or hardship, which Scriban explains as a misfortune thought to be sent by God to test people's patience.[6][2] In rugby it is the “try”.[2]

Timeline

  • 1835 – in Gorjan's Halima.[3][4]
  • 1862 – Pontbriant glosses it as “attempt, test, sketch; risk”.[10]
  • 1870 – încercare de omor “attempted murder” in Costinescu.[7]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A test, a trial; the act of trying something out.[2][3]
  2. An attempt, an effort to do something.[2][3]
  3. (rugby) A try: grounding the ball in the opponents' in-goal area, and the points it scores.[2]
  4. A first literary work;[2] (rare) an essay.[2]
  5. A hardship, a trouble or danger someone has to endure.[2][11]
  6. (dated) Practical experience, knowledge.[2]

Usage notes

A pune la încercare means “to put to the test”: Drumul lung le-a pus la încercare răbdarea. “The long journey tested their patience.”[11][8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 539
  3. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1206
  4. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. încercare
  5. ^ a b Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. încerca
  6. ^ a b c Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 680
  7. ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 1, 579
  8. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 595
  9. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 315
  10. ^ Pontbriant, Raoul de (1862), Dictiunaru romano-francesu, Bucuresci: A. Ulrich / Göttingen: Dieterich, p. 332
  11. ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. încercare
Cite this entry

“Încercare.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C3%AEncercare. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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