Etymology and origin of the Romanian word încercare
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Derivation
- First attested
- 1835 Gorjan's Halima More words from the 19th century
- Ultimate origin
- Vulgar Latin *incircō
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
- /ɨn.t͡ʃerˈka.re/[1]
Forms
încercare f (plural încercări)[1]
Etymology
It is the long infinitive of încerca (“to try”), formed from Romanian încerca + -re.[2][3][4][1] The verb is inherited from Vulgar Latin *incircō, from Latin circō (“to go around”).[1][2] The DA notes that the verb first meant “to put in a ring” and later took over most senses of the simple cerca;[5][6] Scriban records an old noun cercare beside it.[5][6]
Earliest recorded meaning
MDA2 and Tiktin date the first record to 1835, in Gherasim Gorjan's Halima, a Romanian version of Arabian tales.[3][4]
Semantic evolution
The noun follows the senses of the verb: a test or trial, an attempt, an experiment.[3][2] Costinescu's dictionary of 1870 has încercare de omor “attempted murder”.[7] Phrases include a pune la încercare “to put to the test” and piatră de încercare “touchstone”.[4][8] A writer's first work is an încercare, and in some titles the word renders “essay”.[9][2] Figuratively it is a trial or hardship, which Scriban explains as a misfortune thought to be sent by God to test people's patience.[6][2] In rugby it is the “try”.[2]
Timeline
- 1835 – in Gorjan's Halima.[3][4]
- 1862 – Pontbriant glosses it as “attempt, test, sketch; risk”.[10]
- 1870 – încercare de omor “attempted murder” in Costinescu.[7]
Meanings
Noun
- A test, a trial; the act of trying something out.[2][3]
- An attempt, an effort to do something.[2][3]
- (rugby) A try: grounding the ball in the opponents' in-goal area, and the points it scores.[2]
- A first literary work;[2] (rare) an essay.[2]
- A hardship, a trouble or danger someone has to endure.[2][11]
- (dated) Practical experience, knowledge.[2]
Related words
- cerca
- încercat
Usage notes
A pune la încercare means “to put to the test”: Drumul lung le-a pus la încercare răbdarea. “The long journey tested their patience.”[11][8]
References
- ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 539
- ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1206
- ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. încercare
- ^ a b Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. încerca
- ^ a b c Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 680
- ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 1, 579
- ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 595
- ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 315
- ^ Pontbriant, Raoul de (1862), Dictiunaru romano-francesu, Bucuresci: A. Ulrich / Göttingen: Dieterich, p. 332
- ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. încercare
Cite this entry
“Încercare.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C3%AEncercare. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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