Etymologically

încălțăminte

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word încălțăminte

Confidence
Probable
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1582 Palia de la Orăștie More words from the 16th century
Inherited from
Latin calceamentum
Ultimate origin
Latin calceus

Pronunciation

  • /ɨn.kəl.t͡səˈmin.te/[1]

Forms

încălțăminte f (uncountable)[1] Old and regional forms are călțăminte, călțământ and încălțământ.[2][3][4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin calceāmentum (“footwear”), also spelled calciāmentum.[5][6][4][3][1] Candrea and Densusianu derive the feminine from the Latin plural calceāmenta, which became a singular, and Șăineanu gives the same Latin plural.[3][7] The prefix în- was added after încălța.[6][3] Wiktionary instead explains it as from Romanian în- + călțăminte, the plural of the older călțământ.[1]

The older neuter încălțământ is derived by Tiktin from the verb or from the Latin word, while MDA2 forms it from Romanian încălța + -ământ.[4][8] The Latin noun is formed on calceō (“to shoe”), from calceus (“shoe”).[1][9]

Its Romance cognates include Italian calzamento, French chaussement, Spanish calzamiento and Portuguese calçamento.[5][10]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in the Palia de la Orăștie of 1582, at Exodus 3:5.[2][4] The neuter încălțământ is older, in the 16th-century psalters.[4][8] The Bucharest Bible of 1688 has it in Genesis: „De la ștreangu până la legătura încălțămintei” “from a thread to the binding of a shoe”.[2]

Semantic evolution

The word has kept its sense, footwear in general, from boots and shoes to peasant sandals.[6][11] It is a collective noun, used in the singular.[2][12] The 17th-century Slavonic–Romanian lexicons give it for Slavonic obušta “footwear”.[13] MDA2 also records the sense “a pair of shoes”.[4]

Timeline

  • c. 1573–1578 – the neuter încălțământ in the Psaltirea Scheiană.[4]
  • 1582 – încălțăminte in the Palia de la Orăștie (Exodus 3:5).[2][4]
  • c. 1660–1670 – the word in a Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[13]
  • 1688 – încălțămintei “of the shoe” in the Book of Genesis in the Bucharest Bible.[2]

Meanings

Noun

  1. footwear: a general name for shoes, boots, slippers and the like.[6][14][1]
  2. A pair of shoes of one kind.[4]

Usage notes

The word has no plural in current use.[1][12]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. încălțăminte
  3. ^ a b c d Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1203
  5. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. încălța
  6. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 537
  7. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 313
  8. ^ a b Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. încălțământ
  9. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  10. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 1496
  11. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. încălțăminte
  12. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 591
  13. ^ a b Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. încălțăminte
  14. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. încălțăminte

Related etymologies

  • apă · also from Latin
  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Încălțăminte.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C3%AEnc%C4%83l%C8%9B%C4%83minte. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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