Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word dificuldade

Confidence
Established
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
1300s spelt deficuldade More words from the 14th century
Borrowed from
Latin difficultas
Ultimate origin
Latin faciō
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin faciō
Aromanian fac
Catalan fer
French faire
Italian fare
Portuguese fazer
Romanian face
Spanish hacer
Latin facilis
English facile
French facile
Italian facile
Portuguese fácil
Spanish fácil
Latin difficilis
French difficile
Romanian dificil
Italian difficile
Portuguese difícil
Spanish difícil
Latin difficultās
English difficulty
French difficulté
Romanian dificultate
Italian difficoltà
Portuguese dificuldade
Spanish dificultad
From the same root
English surfeit ← faciō
French affaire ← faciō
French défaire ← faciō
Latin afficiō ← faciō
Latin assuefacio ← faciō
Latin calefaciō ← faciō
Latin clārificus ← faciō
Latin commonefaciō ← faciō
Latin cōnficiō ← faciō
Latin dēficiō ← faciō
Latin disfaciō ← faciō
Latin efficiō ← faciō
Latin facessō ← faciō
Latin facibilis ← faciō
Latin facienda ← faciō
Latin faciēs ← faciō
Latin facinus ← faciō
Latin factiō ← faciō
Latin factitō ← faciō
Latin factor ← faciō
Latin factūra ← faciō
Latin factus ← faciō
Latin fortificō ← faciō
Latin frīgefactō ← faciō
Latin īnficiō ← faciō
Latin interficiō ← faciō
Latin iūstificō ← faciō
Latin labefaciō ← faciō
Latin liquefaciō ← faciō
Latin mollificō ← faciō
See all derived words →

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /d͡ʒi.fi.kuwˈda.d͡ʒi/, [d͡ʒi.fi.kuʊ̯ˈda.d͡ʒi][1]
  • Portugal: /di.fi.kulˈda.dɨ/, [di.fi.kuɫˈda.ðɨ][1]
  • Portugal, Southern: /di.fi.kulˈda.dɨ/, [di.fi.kuɫˈda.dɨ][1]

Forms

dificuldade f (plural dificuldades)[1] Old forms are deficuldade (14th century), defeculdade and difficuldade (15th century).[2] Difficuldade remained the usual spelling until the 20th-century reforms.[1][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin difficultās (“difficulty”), first recorded in the 14th century.[2][1][4] Nascentes calls it semi-learned, a word that came through the learned language but was partly adapted.[5] The Latin ending gave Portuguese -dade.[1] The same Latin word gave Spanish dificultad and French difficulté.[6][1]

The Latin noun is formed from difficilis (“difficult”) with -tās.[7][1] The adjective is dis- (“not”) with facilis (“easy”), from faciō (“to do, make”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place”).[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss dates the word to the 14th century in Cunha's index of medieval Portuguese, in the form deficuldade.[2] The Horto do Esposo, in a manuscript of 1390–1437, has deficuldade.[8] Cunha records dificuldade from the 15th century.[9]

Semantic evolution

From the quality of being hard to do, the word came to mean anything that makes a thing hard, an obstacle, and an objection raised against something.[2][10] Caldas Aulete gives the phrases vencer dificuldades and levantar dificuldades “to raise objections”.[11] It also means a moral scruple or reluctance, and a pressing situation, especially want of money.[2][12] The adjective dificultoso is recorded from the 15th century, and the verb dificultar from 1813, though an earlier deficultar appears about 1539.[9]

Timeline

  • 14th century – deficuldade.[2]
  • c. 1430 – deficuldade in the Horto do Esposo (witness 1390–1437).[8]
  • 15th century – the forms dificuldade, defeculdade and difficuldade;[2][9] dificultoso first recorded.[2][9]
  • c. 1539 – the verb deficultar.[9]
  • 1813 – dificultar in its modern form.[9]

Meanings

Noun

  1. difficulty: the quality of being difficult: a dificuldade da prova.[2][10][1]
  2. Something difficult, or something that makes a task hard.[2][10]
  3. An obstacle or hindrance: Superou muitas dificuldades na vida.[2][10][12]
  4. An objection, an opposition raised.[2][12]
  5. Reluctance, scruple: Não tive dificuldade em aceitar.[2][13]
  6. A distressing situation, a tight spot; hardship: A família passou por grandes dificuldades.[2][12][1]

Usage notes

Sem dificuldade means “easily”.[13] The opposite is facilidade.[10][13]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. dificuldade
  3. ^ NEHiLP – Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Etimologia e História da Língua Portuguesa, Universidade de São Paulo, DELPo: Dicionário Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa (online database), p. s.v. dificuldade
  4. ^ Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. dificuldade
  5. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. dificuldade
  6. ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. dificultad
  7. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. difficultās
  8. ^ a b Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. deficuldade
  9. ^ a b c d e f Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. difícil
  10. ^ a b c d e Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. dificuldade
  11. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. dificuldade
  12. ^ a b c d Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. dificuldade
  13. ^ a b c Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. dificuldade

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Dificuldade.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/dificuldade. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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