Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word dificuldade
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Borrowing
- First attested
- 1300s spelt deficuldade More words from the 14th century
- Borrowed from
- Latin difficultas
- Ultimate origin
- Latin faciō
Etymology tree
Pronunciation
Forms
dificuldade f (plural dificuldades)[1] Old forms are deficuldade (14th century), defeculdade and difficuldade (15th century).[2] Difficuldade remained the usual spelling until the 20th-century reforms.[1][3]
Etymology
It is borrowed from Latin difficultās (“difficulty”), first recorded in the 14th century.[2][1][4] Nascentes calls it semi-learned, a word that came through the learned language but was partly adapted.[5] The Latin ending gave Portuguese -dade.[1] The same Latin word gave Spanish dificultad and French difficulté.[6][1]
The Latin noun is formed from difficilis (“difficult”) with -tās.[7][1] The adjective is dis- (“not”) with facilis (“easy”), from faciō (“to do, make”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place”).[1]
Earliest recorded meaning
Houaiss dates the word to the 14th century in Cunha's index of medieval Portuguese, in the form deficuldade.[2] The Horto do Esposo, in a manuscript of 1390–1437, has deficuldade.[8] Cunha records dificuldade from the 15th century.[9]
Semantic evolution
From the quality of being hard to do, the word came to mean anything that makes a thing hard, an obstacle, and an objection raised against something.[2][10] Caldas Aulete gives the phrases vencer dificuldades and levantar dificuldades “to raise objections”.[11] It also means a moral scruple or reluctance, and a pressing situation, especially want of money.[2][12] The adjective dificultoso is recorded from the 15th century, and the verb dificultar from 1813, though an earlier deficultar appears about 1539.[9]
Timeline
- 14th century – deficuldade.[2]
- c. 1430 – deficuldade in the Horto do Esposo (witness 1390–1437).[8]
- 15th century – the forms dificuldade, defeculdade and difficuldade;[2][9] dificultoso first recorded.[2][9]
- c. 1539 – the verb deficultar.[9]
- 1813 – dificultar in its modern form.[9]
Meanings
Noun
- difficulty: the quality of being difficult: a dificuldade da prova.[2][10][1]
- Something difficult, or something that makes a task hard.[2][10]
- An obstacle or hindrance: Superou muitas dificuldades na vida.[2][10][12]
- An objection, an opposition raised.[2][12]
- Reluctance, scruple: Não tive dificuldade em aceitar.[2][13]
- A distressing situation, a tight spot; hardship: A família passou por grandes dificuldades.[2][12][1]
Related words
- difícil
- dificultar
- dificultoso
- fácil
- facilidade
- Latin difficultās
Usage notes
Sem dificuldade means “easily”.[13] The opposite is facilidade.[10][13]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. dificuldade
- ^ NEHiLP – Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Etimologia e História da Língua Portuguesa, Universidade de São Paulo, DELPo: Dicionário Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa (online database), p. s.v. dificuldade
- ^ Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. dificuldade
- ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. dificuldade
- ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. dificultad
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. difficultās
- ^ a b Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. deficuldade
- ^ a b c d e f Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. difícil
- ^ a b c d e Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. dificuldade
- ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. dificuldade
- ^ a b c d Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. dificuldade
- ^ a b c Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. dificuldade
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Dificuldade.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/dificuldade. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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