Portuguese words first recorded in the 14th century

It is inherited from Latin apertūra (“act of opening; opening, hole”), a Latin word found in Vitruvius and in Justinian's Digest, which Houaiss and Machado class as Late Latin. Wiktionary notes that…

It is borrowed from Latin abstineō (“to keep away, hold back”), a learned word, conjugated like ter. The Latin verb is formed from abs (“away from”) and teneō (“to hold”). Machado, Nascentes and…

It is borrowed from Latin accidēns (“chance event; non-essential quality”), a learned word. The Latin noun is the present participle of accidō (“to fall upon; to happen”), which is formed of ad-…

It is borrowed from Latin affirmō (“to strengthen; to assert”), a learned word. Nascentes calls it semi-learned, and the glossary of the Crónica Geral a learned derivative. The Latin verb is formed…

It is borrowed from Latin afflictiō (“striking; distress, torment”). Nascentes calls it a semi-learned word, and explains the old popular forms with ⟨fr⟩ as remade. The same Latin noun gives Spanish…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *acūtiō (“to sharpen”), a verb formed on Latin acūtus (“sharp, pointed”). Cunha and Machado set it beside Late Latin acūtō, of the same meaning, and the Porto…

It is formed from Portuguese ajudar + -ante, the present-participle suffix making an agent noun of the verb. Cunha instead derives it straight from Latin adiūtāns (“helping”), the present participle…

It is borrowed from Andalusian Arabic العود (alʕúd), from Arabic عود (ʿūd, “wood; lute”) with the Arabic article. Houaiss and Machado give the Arabic word three senses: firewood in general, pieces…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *admordium (“a bite, light meal”), written Old Galician-Portuguese almorço in the old language. The Vulgar Latin noun comes from Latin admordeō (“to bite into…

It is inherited from Latin albus (“white”), written Old Galician-Portuguese aluo and Old Galician-Portuguese aluuo in the 14th century. Houaiss treats the noun “white colour, white of the eye” as a…

It is borrowed from Latin amāns (“loving”), the present participle of amō (“to love”), recorded from the 14th century. Nascentes counts it among the learned words. The same Latin participle is…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *amyndula, a popular form of Latin amygdala (“almond”), which is from Ancient Greek ἀμυγδάλη (amugdálē, “almond”). Machado notes that the vulgar form is recorded in…

It is inherited from Latin nānus (“dwarf”), with a prothetic ⟨a-⟩, first written Old Galician-Portuguese naão. Nascentes and the first Aurélio call the ⟨a-⟩ a late addition. Vieira (1871) explained…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *hanca (“hip”), a word of Germanic origin that replaced Latin coxa (“hip”), according to Houaiss, Machado and Wiktionary. Machado and Corominas name the source as…

It is borrowed from Late Latin angelicus (“angelic”), a learned word. The Latin adjective renders Ancient Greek ἀγγελικός (angelikós, “of a messenger”), formed from ἄγγελος (ángelos, “messenger”)…

It is borrowed from Latin animal (“living being, animal”), a learned word; the adjective is from animālis (“living, animate”). For the biological sense Houaiss names the scientific Latin name of the…

It is inherited from Latin approbō (“to approve, commend; to prove”). Nascentes takes it as a semi-learned word. The Latin verb is formed from ad- (“to, towards”) and probō (“to test; to approve”)…

Houaiss takes it as inherited from Vulgar Latin *adcalēscō, from calēscō (“to begin to grow warm”), the inchoative of caleō (“to be hot”). Cunha, Machado and the DLP derive it straight from the…

It is inherited from Latin ardor (“burning, heat; passion”), from ardeō (“to burn”) with the noun suffix -or. Wiktionary takes it as inherited through the old language, while Nascentes calls it a…

Houaiss takes it as a popular word, formed from Portuguese areia + -oso, a doublet of the learned arenoso. The Academia's dictionary, Porto Editora, Michaelis and the Wikcionário also derive it from…

It is a learned borrowing, borrowed from Latin argūmentum (“proof, evidence, argument”), recorded from the 14th century. Beside it, 14th- and 15th-century texts have the forms Old…

It is borrowed from Latin armārium (“cupboard, chest”). Nascentes and Wiktionary call it a learned word, and Machado explains the present form, recorded from 1556, as a learned restoration of the…

It is inherited from Latin rūta (“rue”), with an initial vowel that most sources explain as the definite article a grown onto the noun. Aurélio instead derives it from Latin through Arabic, whose…

It is inherited from Latin articulus (“joint, knuckle”), through *articlus, written Old Galician-Portuguese artelho in the old language. Nascentes calls it semi-learned. Vieira compared the change…

It is inherited from Latin ānsa (“handle of a vessel”), first written Old Galician-Portuguese asaa. The Latin /n/ before /s/ had already been lost in popular speech: the Appendix Probi condemns the…

It is inherited from Latin asper (“rough, harsh”). The route is disputed. Nascentes and Wiktionary take it as a learned word. Corominas grants that the Spanish and Portuguese words, unlike the…

It is probably inherited from Vulgar Latin *assēcūrō (“to make safe”), a verb formed on Latin sēcūrus (“free from care, safe”). Houaiss notes that the verb is recorded in Medieval Latin around the…

It is borrowed from Latin attingō (“to touch, reach”), from ad- and tangō (“to touch”). Nascentes calls it semi-learned. The Latin verb lives on in Italian attingere and Romanian atinge, while a…

It is formed from Portuguese a + través (“slant, crosswise direction”). The noun is from Latin trānsversus (“lying across, oblique”), the participle of trānsvertō (“to turn across”). Houaiss…

Its origin is disputed. For Houaiss, Wiktionary and Aurélio it is borrowed from Spanish aturdir (“to stun”), which Corominas derives from tordo (“thrush”), a bird said to gorge itself on grapes and…

It is borrowed from Late Latin augmentō (“to increase”), first recorded in the 14th century. Wiktionary calls it a learned borrowing and Nascentes a semi-learned one. The Late Latin verb is formed…

It is formed from Portuguese aventura + -oso. DELPo compares French aventureux. The noun aventura is recorded from the 13th century; Cunha takes it from French and ultimately from Vulgar Latin…

It is borrowed from Spanish bandurria, from Late Latin pandurium, from Latin pandūra, from Ancient Greek πανδοῦρα (pandoûra, “a three-stringed instrument”). Cunha takes the Late Latin word from a…

Its origin is disputed. Houaiss takes it to be inherited from Vulgar Latin *barrum (“clay, mud”), a pre-Roman base, perhaps related to the stems of barranco. Cunha, Machado, the Aurélio and…

It is borrowed from Latin basis (“base, pedestal”), a learned word, which is from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis, “a stepping; step, foot; base, pedestal”). Nascentes and Aurélio give the Greek sense as…

It is inherited from Latin bibitor (“drinker”), first written Old Galician-Portuguese bevedor in the 14th century. The Latin noun is formed on bibō (“to drink”) and meant “a heavy drinker”…

It is formed from Portuguese bem (“well”) + vindo (“come”), the past participle of vir. Wiktionary carries the phrase back to Vulgar Latin *bene venītus and takes it to be a calque of Frankish…

It is borrowed from Latin benedīcō (“to speak well of; to bless”), a compound of bene (“well”) and dīcō (“to say”). The DLP gives the source as Church Latin. Caldas Aulete's original dictionary and…

It is borrowed from Late Latin bēstiālis (“of a beast, brutal”), a learned word. The Latin adjective is formed from bēstia (“beast, animal”) and -ālis. The popular outcomes of the Latin noun are…

It is inherited from Latin vessīca (“bladder”), a Vulgar Latin variant of classical vēsīca. Nascentes finds the double ⟨ss⟩ not well explained. He attributes the initial ⟨b-⟩ to the confusion of ⟨b⟩…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *bīstius, a masculine form of Latin bēstia (“beast, animal”). Corominas notes that a masculine bestius is found in writers of the 3rd and 4th centuries such as…

It is borrowed from Catalan bosc, or the Occitan word of the same form, bosc: Houaiss and Aurélio leave the choice open, Cunha and Michaelis name Catalan, and Wiktionary, the DLP and Priberam name…

It is borrowed from Old French boton (“bud; button”), the French word now spelt bouton. Houaiss dates the Old French form to 1160 and the modern spelling to 1236. The French noun is derived from the…

It is borrowed from Old French boter (“to strike, push, put”), modern French bouter, from Frankish *bōtan (“to push, strike”). Houaiss dates the Old French verb to about 1100 and reconstructs the…

It is borrowed from Latin brevis (“short”), recorded from the 14th century. Wiktionary takes it as a borrowing because an inherited form would show a different vowel, as Spanish breve would then…

It is borrowed from Latin brūtus (“heavy; dull, stupid”), taken by the learned route according to Machado, and written Old Galician-Portuguese bruto in the 14th century. The REW notes that the word…

1. The verb is inherited from Latin calcō (“to tread, trample”), which is formed from calx (“heel”). Houaiss's oldest record, of 1180, comes from Machado's material; the next he gives is from the…

Houaiss and Cunha take it as borrowed from Italian calma, from Late Latin cauma (“burning heat”), which the language of the Church borrowed from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma, “burning heat, heat of…

It is inherited from Latin callum (“hard skin, callus”). The same Latin word is Galician calo, Spanish callo and Italian callo. The French cal is a learned remaking of the older popular Old French…

It is borrowed from Latin centuriō (“commander of a century”), through its oblique stem. The same Latin word gives Spanish centurión. The Latin noun is formed from centuria (“a division of a hundred…

It is inherited from Latin cinctūra (“a girdle, a means of girding”), written Old Galician-Portuguese çintura and Old Galician-Portuguese çentura in the oldest texts. The Latin noun is formed from…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *coāglō (“to curdle”), the syncopated form of Latin coāgulō (“to curdle”), written Old Galician-Portuguese qualhar and Old Galician-Portuguese coallar in the oldest…

It is inherited from Latin cōlō (“to strain, filter”), written Old Galician-Portuguese collar in the oldest texts. The Latin verb is formed from cōlum (“strainer”), a sieve of rushes or wicker for…

It is inherited from Latin coriandrum (“coriander”), in a popular development, probably through the dissimilated form coliandrum. Houaiss reconstructs the steps *colandro, *coandro and then coendro…

It is inherited from Latin cucumerus (“cucumber”), written Old Galician-Portuguese cogonbro and Old Galician-Portuguese cobrombo in the oldest texts. This is the classical cucumis moved into the…

It is inherited from Latin commūnis (“common, shared, general”). Nascentes says it came by a semi-learned route. The medieval language more often used comunal, recorded from the 13th century, from…

It is borrowed from Latin cōnfūsus (“mixed, mingled”), the past participle of cōnfundō (“to pour together, mix, confuse”), taken into Portuguese as a learned word. Houaiss and Cunha date it to the…

It is inherited from Medieval Latin conquistō (“to conquer”) according to Houaiss and Cunha, and Houaiss treats the Medieval Latin verb as a frequentative of Latin conquīrō (“to seek out everywhere…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *cōnsequō (“to follow; to achieve”), the active verb (Houaiss and Cunha quote its infinitive) that replaced the classical deponent Latin cōnsequor. Porto Editora…

It is borrowed from Latin continuō (“to join together; to carry on without a break”), a learned word recorded from the 14th century. The Latin verb is formed from the adjective continuus…